Immune Responses in Patients with COVID-19: An Overview

Kamat, Deepak; Kamat, Aarti; Mathur, Ambika

doi:10.3928/19382359-20210421-02

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The study is observational, and proving causation requires different methodology. It did not include immunological and antibody response data to determine if vaccination and transmissibility of circulating viral variants explain the age group differences in mortality between the two waves ( 21 ). In addition, availability of testing data was limited due to the prioritization of sampling in the INS guidelines and the depletion of resources to conduct testing ( 10 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 mortality in two waves of the pandemic in Cali, Colombia, before and during vaccination roll-out

Reina,

Roa,

Garcés

et al. 2023

Revista Panamericana De Salud Pública

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective. To describe the variation in COVID-19 mortality among residents of Cali, Colombia, in the second wave of the pandemic, before vaccines, and in the fourth wave, with vaccination roll-out in process, taking into account variables of sex, age group, comorbidities, and interval between onset of symptoms and death, and to estimate the number of deaths averted by vaccination. Methods. A cross-sectional study of second wave and fourth wave deaths and vaccination coverage. The frequencies of attributes of deceased population in the two waves were compared, including comorbidities. Machado's method was used to calculate an estimate of the number of deaths averted in the fourth wave. Results. There were 1 133 deaths in the second wave and 754 deaths in the fourth wave. It was calculated that approximately 3 763 deaths were averted in the fourth wave in Cali in the context of vaccination roll-out. Conclusions. The decline in COVID-19-associated mortality observed supports the continuation of the vaccination program. Given the lack of data to explain other possible reasons for this decline, such as on the severity of novel viral variants, the limitations of the study are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 mortality in two waves of the pandemic in Cali, Colombia, before and during vaccination roll-out

Reina,

Roa,

Garcés

et al. 2023

Revista Panamericana De Salud Pública

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Different immune responses to COVID-19 have been reported between adults and children, and immune response in children with COVID-19 is reported to be characterized by lower T-cell activation than in adults. 14 15 These differences may explain why fewer children develop severe COVID-19, resulting in stronger T-cell activation in adults, which may cause severe symptoms. In the present case, an increase in AchR antibody was observed after COVID-19 infection, but the increase was not dramatic, and no symptoms of respiratory dysphagia were observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Exacerbated by COVID-19

Kanatani

Yamaguchi

Oikawa

et al. 2023

Journal of Pediatric Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare, long-term neuromuscular disorder that can affect individuals of any age. In Japan, the Omicron variant of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began spreading in 2022, and many cases of neurological symptoms caused by the virus have been reported. Although COVID-19 has been reported to exacerbate MG in adults, there are no reports on the effects of COVID-19 on the MG symptoms of pediatric patients. We report the case of a 6-year-old girl with a 3-year history of MG who presented to our hospital with symptom exacerbation after COVID-19 infection. Four days before admission, she developed fever with a runny nose and cough. Three days before admission, she developed severe bilateral blepharoptosis and progressive limb weakness, and 2 days before admission, she was diagnosed with COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-2 antigen test. Physical examination revealed moderate blepharoptosis and mild bilateral upper and lower limb weakness. We diagnosed her with worsening MG due to COVID-19, and she was administered 400 mg/kg intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) daily for 5 days with continued oral corticosteroids and tacrolimus. The patient's symptoms improved promptly after admission and, at discharge 7 days after admission, her symptoms had significantly improved. During the 1-month outpatient follow-up period, she remained stable and the anti-acetylcholine receptor (AchR) antibody level was reduced to 14.6 nmol/L (from 18.5 nmol/L on admission). Our case suggests that COVID-19 exacerbates MG in both children and adults.

show abstract

Incidence and Prevalence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Within a Healthcare Worker Cohort During the First Year of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic

Doernberg

Holubar

Jain

et al. 2022

Clinical Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Preventing SARS-CoV2 infections in healthcare workers (HCWs) is critical for healthcare delivery. We aimed to estimate and characterize the prevalence and incidence of COVID-19 in a US HCW cohort and to identify risk factors associated with infection. Methods We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of HCWs at 3 Bay Area medical centers using serial surveys and SARS-CoV-2 viral and orthogonal serological testing, including measurement of neutralizing antibodies. We estimated baseline prevalence and cumulative incidence of COVID-19. We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate associations of baseline factors with incident infections and evaluated the impact of time-varying exposures on time to COVID-19 using marginal structural models. Results 2435 HCWs contributed 768 person years of follow-up time. We identified 21/2435 individuals with prevalent infection, resulting in a baseline prevalence of 0.86% (95% CI, 0.53% to 1.32%). We identified 70/2414 (2.9%) incident infections yielding a cumulative incidence rate of 9.11 cases per 100 person years (95% CI 7.11 to 11.52). Community contact with a known COVID-19 case most strongly correlated with increased hazard for infection (HR 8.1, 95% CI, 3.8, 17.5). High-risk work-related exposures (i.e., breach in protective measures) drove an association between work exposure and infection (HR 2.5, 95% CI, 1.3-4.8). More cases were identified in HCW when community case rates were high. Conclusion We observed modest COVID-19 incidence despite consistent exposure at work. Community contact was strongly associated with infections but contact at work was not unless accompanied by high-risk exposure.

show abstract

Immune Responses in Patients with COVID-19: An Overview

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

COVID-19 mortality in two waves of the pandemic in Cali, Colombia, before and during vaccination roll-out

COVID-19 mortality in two waves of the pandemic in Cali, Colombia, before and during vaccination roll-out

A Case of Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Exacerbated by COVID-19

Incidence and Prevalence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Within a Healthcare Worker Cohort During the First Year of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About