Immune responses during pregnancy in heifers naturally infected with Neospora caninum with and without immunization

Andrianarivo, A. G.; Anderson, Margaret Lavinia; Rowe, Joan D; Gardner, Ian A.; Reynolds, James P.; Choromanski, Leszek; Conrad, Patricia A.

doi:10.1007/s00436-005-1313-y

Cited by 46 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, at present, protection from endogenous transplacental transmission in controlled cattle has not been shown for any vaccine. When pregnant heifers naturally infected with N. caninum were immunized with killed tachyzoites or left untreated, the results suggested that reactivation of a latent infection had occurred in the naturally infected heifers, regardless of their immunization status, and that immunization with the POLYGEN-adjuvanted, killed N. caninum tachyzoite preparation had not been not able to prevent vertical transmission in naturally infected heifers (17).…”

Section: Control Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Control of Neosporosis andNeospora caninum

2007

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SUMMARY Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite of animals. Until 1988, it was misidentified as Toxoplasma gondii. Since its first recognition in dogs in 1984 and the description of the new genus and species Neospora caninum in 1988, neosporosis has emerged as a serious disease of cattle and dogs worldwide. Abortions and neonatal mortality are a major problem in livestock operations, and neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in cattle. Although antibodies to N. caninum have been reported, the parasite has not been detected in human tissues. Thus, the zoonotic potential is uncertain. This review is focused mainly on the epidemiology and control of neosporosis in cattle, but worldwide seroprevalences of N. caninum in animals and humans are tabulated. The role of wildlife in the life cycle of N. caninum and strategies for the control of neosporosis in cattle are discussed.

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Section: Control Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Control of Neosporosis andNeospora caninum

2007

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“…This suggests that a population of memory T cells was present in these animals. Others have previously shown that proliferative responses in N. caninum-infected cattle are associated with CD4 ϩ T cells and that these are the principal secretors of IFN-␥ (1,16,29). In contrast, although the two lysate-immunized groups developed IFN-␥ and proliferation responses immediately following immunization, either no memory cells were induced or the precursor frequency of antigen-specific T cells was too low to produce enough IFN-␥ to be detected in our assays in these animals on the day of challenge, 15 weeks after the second immunization.…”

Section: Fig 2 Mean Gamma Interferon Responses (Ng MLmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization of Cattle with Live Tachyzoites of Neospora caninum Confers Protection against Fetal Death

Williams

Guy

Smith³

et al. 2007

Infect Immun

111

103

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Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that causes abortion in cattle. It is normally found as a latent infection controlled by a T-helper-cell type 1 response involving CD4؉ cytotoxic T cells and gamma interferon. Cattle may be infected by two different routes: transplacentally as a result of activation of the latent infection in the mother causing congenital infection or abortion and by ingestion of oocysts, which, if it occurs during gestation, can also result in abortion. Here, for the first time, we establish proof that live vaccination protects against fetal death, whereas immunization using whole-tachyzoite lysate in different adjuvants fails to protect against fetal death. Strong antibody responses were induced in all the vaccinated groups, and the quality and magnitude of these responses were similar in the live-and the lysate-vaccinated groups. In contrast, only the group immunized with live tachyzoites had strong cellular and gamma interferon responses prior to challenge, and these responses correlated with protection against fetopathy. These results suggest that a cellular immune response may be important in the mechanisms involved in protection against N. caninum-associated abortions.

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“…al. 2003;Andrianarivo et al 2005). However, other authors documented a lack of differences in the antibodies levels during the whole period of pregnancy (Fioretti et al 2000;Häsler et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of anti-Neospora antibodies during the period of two consecutive pregnancies in chronically infected dairy cows

Špilovská¹,

Moskwa²,

Reiterová³

2013

Acta Parasitologica

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The course of anti-Neospora antibody kinetics during two consecutive pregnancies has been evaluated in five chronically infected dairy cows. The blood samples of cows were collected monthly. Anti-Neospora antibodies in blood sera were detected by indirect ELISA (ID-VET, France). During whole period of the study cows remained seropositive; with S/P% values (iELISA) ranging from 94 to 214%. The antibody kinetics determined by iELISA showed a significant increase (P<0.0059) of specific IgG antibodies in the third trimester of both pregnancies. The monitored cows gave birth to 10 healthy calves (4 steers and 6 heifers). To confirm the occurrence of vertical transmission of Neospora from mothers to offspring in the herd, dam-daughter serology was performed. Anti-Neospora antibodies was found in 4 from 6 heifers (>6 months old). Study presents original data reporting on the very similar persistent pattern of anti-Neospora antibody levels during the third trimester of pregnancies in all five dairies. Based on the high seropositivity of female offspring, the reactivation of a latent infection of cows rather than a re-infection can be supposed.

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Immune responses during pregnancy in heifers naturally infected with Neospora caninum with and without immunization

Cited by 46 publications

References 30 publications

Epidemiology and Control of Neosporosis andNeospora caninum

Epidemiology and Control of Neosporosis andNeospora caninum

Immunization of Cattle with Live Tachyzoites of Neospora caninum Confers Protection against Fetal Death

Kinetics of anti-Neospora antibodies during the period of two consecutive pregnancies in chronically infected dairy cows

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