Immune response to Trichinella spiralis larvae after treatment with the anti-allergic compound ketotifen

201 SummaryTrichinella spiralis infection induces a host cell-mediated and humoral response. The role of T and B lymphocytes in the immune response of mice reinfected with 2 x 400 T. spiralis larvae was studied in relation to the parasite burden. BALB/c mice were infected on days 0 and 60 and immunological parameters were examined within a period of 180 days. In comparison with a single T. spiralis infection, T-and B-lymphocytes in reinfected mice responded by a significant increase in the proliferative activity during 10 days after reinfection. At the same time, the percentages of CD4+ T-cells of reinfected mice were also increased. In contrast, the CD8+ T-cell numbers were significantly reduced almost 30 days after reinfection. High concentration of serum IFN-γ lasted till the end of the experiment. The IL-5 level was increased only for 2 weeks after reinfection, followed by its decrease. Kinetics of specific anti-Trichinella immunoglobulins IgG 2a was not affected with reinfection, but specific antibodies IgG 1 significantly increased after reinfection and persisted elevated till the end of the experiment. Lower numbers of adults (69.2 % reduction) in the small intestine and 72.3 % reduction in muscle larvae were found after reinfection. Stimulation of the host immune response -the increased activity of CD4+ T lymphocytes and high levels of IFN-γ and specific IgG 1 after reinfection, contributed to the reduction of the parasite burden.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Trichinella spiralis reinfection: changes in cellular and humoral immune response in BALB/c mice

Kołodziej‐Sobocińska¹,

Hurníková

2012

“…The low number of antigens might be bound into immune complexes. Contrary, T. pseudospiralis induced a higher level of specific IgM immunoglobulines during the intestinal phase till (Doligalska, 2000) and newborn larve are more sensitive in vitro to IgG 1 in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (Moskwa, 1999). The low infective dose of 10 larvae of T. spiralis in our study stimulated IgG 1 antibody production from day 20 p.i., with a significant elevation from day 45 p.i., but T. britovi infection induced the generation of IgG 1 antibodies not until day 60 p.i.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

“…The protective isotypes IgG 1 and IgG 2 are involved in the inflammatory response. An elevation of IgG 1 accompanies the muscle phase of infection (Doligalska, 2000) and newborn larve are more sensitive in vitro to IgG 1 in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (Moskwa, 1999). Antibodies significantly participate in Trichinella entrapment and rapid expulsion of infective larvae L1, reduce adult worm fecundity and kill newborn larvae (Appleton & Usack, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A significant elevation of IgG 1 is often observed in trichinellosis (Li & Ko, 2001;Kolodziej-Sobocińska et al, 2006). Both IgG 1 and IgG 2 are responsible for antilarval activity of peritoneal eosinophils that are involved in the inflammatory response (Doligalska, 2000). Potential differences in a development of the host immune response to different Trichinella species and host-parasite interactions are rarely studied under in vivo conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetics of specific humoral immune response of mice infected with low doses of Trichinella spiralis, T. britovi, and T. pseudospiralis larvae

Hurníková¹,

Kołodziej‐Sobocińska

2010

The specific humoral immune response of the host (mouse) to the infection with low doses of larvae of encapsulating (Trichinella spiralis, T. britovi) and non-encapsulating (T. pseudospiralis) species was studied. Mice were experimentally infected with 10 muscle larvae of the parasite to simulate natural conditions of the infection in rodents, important reservoirs of trichinellosis. The low infective dose of T. spiralis and T. britovi did not evoke an increased specific IgM response, which is typical for the acute infection. Only T. pseudospiralis induced a higher specific IgM level in the intestinal phase of the infection, till day 30 p.i. The low infective dose of T. spiralis larvae stimulated a specific IgG1 production from day 20 p.i. with a strong increase on day 45 p.i., but T. britovi infection on day 60 p.i. Specific IgG1 antibodies were not detected in T. pseudospiralis infection. The production of IgG2a and IgG2b antibodies was again earlier and more expressive in T. spiralis infection from day 45 p.i., in contrast to T. britovi, where these antibodies were increased on day 60 p.i. Only IgG2b isotype was detected in T. pseudospiralis infection on days 45 and 60 p.i., however in very low values in comparison with encapsulating species. Results conclude the low infective dose of T. spiralis, T. britovi, and T. pseudospiralis induced a late seroconversion in infected mice. T. spiralis caused earlier and more intensive specific antibody response, from day 45 p.i, when antigens from newborn and muscle larvae were accumulated, on the contrary to T. britovi and T. pseudospiralis, which induced specific antibody response from day 60 p.i.

“…Cytokine IL-5 indicates the severity of inflammation, because it directly induces degranulation of eosinophils (Horie et al 1996), but it does not increase activity of eosinophils (Kita et al, 1992). Vallance et al (2000) and Doligalska (2000) confirmed that IL-5 is not only essential for the onset of intestinal eosinophilia, but also makes a significant contribution to enteric host defence during challenge T. spiralis infections. IL-5 expression is only minimally protective during a primary T. spiralis infection but may protect against repeated exposure to gastrointestinal parasite, what correlated with our results during the intestinal phase after the heavy infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Differences in cellular immune responses of mice BALB/c to low and high infective doses of Trichinella spiralis

Jalčová

Hurníková

2013

The study was focused on a role of lymphocytes and macrophages in the immune response of mice to Trichinella spiralis infection with low (10) and high (400) infective doses of larvae. The light infection stimulated the proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes only during the intestinal phase of the infection, till day 15 post infection (p.i.), but the heavy infection activated T cells during the migration of newborn larvae (from day 20 to 30 p.i.). B cell proliferation was markedly stimulated after the heavy infection. The light infection increased the presence of helper CD4 cells till day 10 p.i. in contrast to the heavy infection, but subpopulation of CD8 T cells was not influenced by a different size of infective dose. Cytokine production of IL-5 and IFN-γ was not markedly affected by the light infection in contrast to the heavy infection that stimulated IL-5 synthesis during the whole experiment and IFN-Γ during the migration of newborn larvae. The light infection stimulated a metabolic activity of peritoneal macrophages already in the intestinal phase, but the heavy infection affected their activity only in the muscle phase of the infection.