Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in patients and vaccinees following homologous and heterologous vaccinations

Trombetta, Claudia Maria; Piccini, Giulia; Pierleoni, Giulio; Leonardi, Margherita; Dapporto, Francesca; Marchi, Serena; Andreano, Emanuele; Paciello, Ida; Benincasa, Linda; Lovreglio, Piero; Buonvino, Nicola; Decaro, Nicola; Stufano, Angela; Lorusso, Eleonora; Bombardieri, Emilio; Ruello, Antonella; Viviani, Simonetta; Rappuoli, Rino; Molesti, Eleonora; Manenti, Alessandro; Montomoli, Emanuele

doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03849-0

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Accurate studies on the dynamics of vaccination-induced antibodies are crucial to better tailor future vaccine doses and the time of booster administration, depending on age, comorbidities, and previous natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of BNT162b2 Booster Dose on SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Trimeric Spike Antibody Dynamics in a Large Cohort of Italian Health Care Workers

et al. 2023

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Accurate studies on the dynamics of Pfizer-Biontech BNT162b2-induced antibodies are crucial to better tailor booster dose administration depending on age, comorbidities, and previous natural infection with SARS-CoV-2. To date, little is known about the durability and kinetics of antibody titers months after receiving a booster dose. In this work, we studied the dynamic of anti-Trimeric Spike (anti-TrimericS) IgG titer in the healthcare worker population of a large academic hospital in Northern Italy, in those who had received two vaccine doses plus a booster dose. Blood samples were collected on the day of dose 1, dose 2, then 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after dose 2, the day of the administration of the booster dose, then 1 month and 3 months after the booster dose. The vaccination immunogenicity was evaluated by dosing anti-TrimericS IgG titer, which was further studied in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection status, age, and sex. Our results suggest that after the booster dose, the anti-TrimericS IgG production was higher in the subjects that were infected only after the completion of the vaccination cycle, compared to those that were infected both before and after the vaccination campaign. Moreover, the booster dose administration exerts a leveling effect, mitigating the differences in the immunogenicity dependent on sex and age.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of BNT162b2 Booster Dose on SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Trimeric Spike Antibody Dynamics in a Large Cohort of Italian Health Care Workers

et al. 2023

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“…Conflicting studies indicate that the order of when infection and vaccination occur has an impact on antibody titres from vaccination, specifically infection prior to vaccination can decrease [24] or increase titres [25] and therefore protection. It is also known that natural infection with one variant, such as Omicron BA.1, may not be sufficient to protect from other variants, such as Omicron BA.2 [26]. Data from the New Zealand Ministry of Health shows that New Zealanders who had received three or more doses of BNT162b2 had a 66% reduction in the risk of death [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust immunogenicity of a third BNT162b2 vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in a naïve New Zealand cohort

Lavender¹,

Hooker²,

Frampton

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The ability of a third dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine to stimulate immune responses against subvariants, including Omicron BA.1, has not been assessed in New Zealand populations. Unlike many overseas populations, New Zealanders were largely infection naive at the time they were boosted. This adult cohort of 298 participants, oversampled for at-risk populations, was composed of 29% Māori and 28% Pacific peoples, with 40% of the population aged 55+. A significant proportion of the cohort was obese and presented with at least one comorbidity. Sera were collected 28 days and 6 months post second vaccination and 28 days post third vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG titres and neutralising capacity using surrogate viral neutralisation assays against variants of concern, including Omicron BA.1, were investigated. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, within our cohort, prior to third vaccination was very low (<6%). This study found a third vaccine significantly increased the mean SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG titres, for every demographic subgroup, by a minimum of 1.5-fold compared to titres after two doses. Diabetic participants experienced a greater increase (~4-fold) in antibody titres after their third vaccination, compared to non-diabetics (increase of ~2-fold). This corrected for the deficiency in antibody titres within diabetic participants which was observed following two doses. A third dose also induced a neutralising response against Omicron variant BA.1, which was absent after two doses. This neutralising response improved regardless of age, BMI, ethnicity, or diabetes status. Participants aged >75 years consistently had the lowest SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG titres at each timepoint, however experienced the greatest improvement after three doses compared to younger participants. This study shows that in the absence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, a third Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine enhances immunogenicity, including against Omicron BA.1, in a cohort representative of at-risk groups in the adult New Zealand population.

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“…Consistently with previous reports, our results provide evidence that previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 enhances the production of neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated individuals against both the ancestral virus and VOCs. 26 , 29 , 34 , 48 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 variants after 2 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in a correctional facility

Trombetta

Marchi

Leonardi

et al. 2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has posed a challenge for correctional facilities worldwide. People in such settings are more vulnerable to severe forms of infection and it is impossible to completely isolate inmates from the outside world. This study aimed to assess the antibody-mediated immune response in terms of neutralizing antibodies against Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Omicron (sub-lineage BA.1) variants of concern after two doses of mRNA vaccine in correctional officers and inmates from an Italian correctional facility. Most of the correctional officers (56.5%) and inmates (52.3% and 63.6%) retained their neutralizing activity toward the Alpha and Gamma variants, respectively. By contrast, the most striking reduction in comparison with the ancestral virus was found in the antibody response toward the Beta and Omicron variants, in both correctional officers (91.2% and 93.9%) and inmates (85.1% and 92.8%). In addition, subjects who had undergone primary vaccination and had previously been naturally infected had higher neutralizing antibody titers toward the 4 variants than negative subjects. Overall, our findings indicate that primary mRNA vaccination is able to induce neutralizing antibodies toward the ancestral virus, while titers toward variants may vary, depending on the mutations harboring by the variants. Although the correctional setting is often considered distinct or isolated from the wider society and sanitary system, the health of correctional workers and prisoners is inexorably linked to the public health of the country as a whole and it is of paramount importance to monitor the antibody response in these settings.

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Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in patients and vaccinees following homologous and heterologous vaccinations

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Impact of BNT162b2 Booster Dose on SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Trimeric Spike Antibody Dynamics in a Large Cohort of Italian Health Care Workers

Impact of BNT162b2 Booster Dose on SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Trimeric Spike Antibody Dynamics in a Large Cohort of Italian Health Care Workers

Robust immunogenicity of a third BNT162b2 vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in a naïve New Zealand cohort

Evaluation of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 variants after 2 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in a correctional facility

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