Immune response to<i>Plasmodium vivax</i>has a potential to reduce malaria severity

Chuangchaiya, Sriwipa; Jangpatarapongsa, Kulachart; Chootong, Patchanee; Sirichaisinthop, Jeeraphat; Sattabongkot, Jetsumon; Pattanapanyasat, Kovit; Chotivanich, Kesinee; Troye‐Blomberg, Marita; Cui, Liwang; Udomsangpetch, Rachanee

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04075.x

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In areas of co-endemicity of multiple malaria parasite species, homologous antigens may elicit cross-reactive antibodies [ 10 – 12 ]. We detected that 18% of patients with acute P .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interactions occur between different parasite species [ 8 ], and as a result, prior infections by one species influence the course of a subsequent infection by the same or a different species [ 9 ]. Antigens with high levels of homology between malaria parasite species may elicit cross-reactive antibodies targeting more than one parasite species [ 10 – 12 ]. Thus, antibody responses to individual antigens may evolve differently, depending on the epidemiological settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Naturally Acquired Antibody Responses to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (MSP1) C-Terminal 19 kDa Domains in an Area of Unstable Malaria Transmission in Southeast Asia

Wang

Zhao²,

Zhang

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Understanding naturally acquired immunity to infections caused by Plasmodia in different malaria endemicity settings is needed for better vaccine designs and for exploring antibody responses as a proxy marker of malaria transmission intensity. This study investigated the sero-epidemiology of malaria along the international border between China and Myanmar, where malaria elimination action plans are in place. This study recruited 233 P. vivax and 156 P. falciparum infected subjects with acute malaria at the malaria clinics and hospitals. In addition, 93 and 67 healthy individuals from the same endemic region or from non-endemic region, respectively, were used as controls. Acute malaria infections were identified by microscopy. Anti-recombinant PfMSP119 and PvMSP119 antibody levels were measured by ELISA. Antibody responses to respective MSP119 were detected in 50.9% and 78.2% patients with acute P. vivax and P. falciparum infections, respectively. There were cross-reacting antibodies in Plasmodium patients against these two recombinant proteins, though we could not exclude the possibility of submicroscopic mixed-species infections. IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 were the major subclasses. Interestingly, 43.2% of the healthy endemic population also had antibodies against PfMSP119, whereas only 3.9% of this population had antibodies against PvMSP119. Higher antibody levels were correlated with age and parasite density, but not with season, gender or malaria history. Both total IgG and individual IgG subclasses underwent substantial declines during the convalescent period in three months. This study demonstrated that individuals in a hypoendemic area with coexistence of P. vivax and P. falciparum can mount rapid antibody responses against both PfMSP119 and PvMSP119. The significantly higher proportion of responders to PfMSP119 in the healthy endemic population indicates higher prevalence of P. falciparum in the recent past. Specific antibodies against PvMSP119 could serve as a marker of recent exposure to P. vivax in epidemiological studies.

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“…In areas of co-endemicity of multiple malaria parasite species, homologous antigens may elicit cross-reactive antibodies [ 10 – 12 ]. We detected that 18% of patients with acute P .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally Acquired Antibody Responses to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (MSP1) C-Terminal 19 kDa Domains in an Area of Unstable Malaria Transmission in Southeast Asia

Wang

Zhao²,

Zhang

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…A recent study showed that γδ T cells reduce the severity of malaria in humans [13] and control the chronic parasitaemia of P. chabaudi infection in mice [37]. The cytotoxic role of γδ T cells was shown in vitro using P. falciparum [38], [39], [40], [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity to Malaria in Plasmodium vivax Infection: A Study in Central China

et al. 2012

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Background P. vivax infection is characterised by relapsing fever, indicating reinfection by previously hidden parasites in the host. Relapsed infection can lead to the activation of the memory T cell pool, which may lead to protective immunity. This study aims to characterise immune responses in acute P. vivax-infected patients living in an area of central China characterised by only P. vivax infection.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe conducted a cross-sectional immune-phenotypic analysis of adults using the following inclusion criteria: acute P. vivax infection (N = 37), a history of P. vivax infection (N = 17), and no known history of P. vivax infection (N = 21). We also conducted a 2-week longitudinal analysis following acute P. vivax infection, in which PBMC proliferation was measured in response to P. vivax and P. falciparum blood stage lysates. Using flow cytometry, we showed elevated memory T cells in the blood during acute P. vivax infection. The levels of γδ T cells were two-fold higher than those measured in naive controls. This result suggested that in the two populations, memory and γδ T cells promptly responded to P. vivax parasites. Interestingly, P. falciparum antigens stimulated T cells obtained from P. vivax-infected patients during a day 14-convalescence, whereas lymphocytes from the naïve control group responded to a lower degree of convalescence.Conclusions/SignificanceCell-mediated immunity during the convalescent period of the P. vivax-infected hosts was comprised of T cells that were specifically able to recognise P. falciparum antigens. Although the magnitude of the response was only half that measured after stimulation with P. vivax antigens, the matter of cross-antigenic stimulation is of great interest.

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“…It has been suggested that exposure to both parasite species in mixed infections also increases the severity of the disease, although some studies suggest the opposite because of the development of species cross protection (Chuangchaiya et al, 2010; Sutton et al, 2009; Whitehorn et al, 2010). Diagnoses of P. falciparum and P. vivax mixed infection may be difficult as the correct identification of ring forms on Giemsa-stained thick blood smears is not always possible.…”

Section: Current Malaria Problem In Non-amazonian Regions Of Latinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in selected non-Amazonian countries of Latin America

Arévalo‐Herrera

Quiñónes²,

Guerra

et al. 2012

Acta Tropica

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Approximately 170 million inhabitants of the American continent live at risk of malaria transmission. Although the continent’s contribution to the global malaria burden is small, at least 1 to 1.2 million malaria cases are reported annually. Sixty per cent of the malaria cases occur in Brazil and the other 40% are distributed in 20 other countries of Central and South America. Plasmodium vivax is the predominant species (74.2 %) followed by P. falciparum (25.7 %) and P. malariae (0.1%), and no less than 10 Anopheles species have been identified as primary or secondary malaria vectors. Rapid deforestation and agricultural practices are directly related to increases in Anopheles species diversity and abundance, as well as in the number of malaria cases. Additionally, climate changes profoundly affect malaria transmission and are responsible for malaria epidemics in some regions of South America. Parasite drug resistance is increasing, but due to bio-geographic barriers there is extraordinary genetic differentiation of parasites with limited dispersion. Although the clinical spectrum ranges from uncomplicated to severe malaria cases, due to the generally low to middle transmission intensity, features such as severe anemia, cerebral malaria and other complications appear to be less frequent than in other endemic regions and asymptomatic infections are a common feature. Although the National Malaria Control Programs (NMCP) of different countries differ in their control activities these are all directed to reduce morbidity and mortality by using strategies like health promotion, vector control and impregnate bed nets among others. Recently, international initiatives such as the Malaria Control Program in Andean-country Border Regions (PAMAFRO) (implemented by the Andean Organism for Health (ORAS) and sponsored by The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM)) and The Amazon Network for the Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance (RAVREDA) (sponsored by the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) and several other partners), have made great investments for malaria control in the region. We describe here the current status of malaria in a non-Amazonian region comprising several countries of South and Central America participating in the Centro Latino Americano de Investigación en Malaria (CLAIM), an International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR) sponsored by the National Institutes of Health’s (NIH) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).

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Immune response toPlasmodium vivaxhas a potential to reduce malaria severity

Cited by 23 publications

References 39 publications

Naturally Acquired Antibody Responses to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (MSP1) C-Terminal 19 kDa Domains in an Area of Unstable Malaria Transmission in Southeast Asia

Naturally Acquired Antibody Responses to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (MSP1) C-Terminal 19 kDa Domains in an Area of Unstable Malaria Transmission in Southeast Asia

Immunity to Malaria in Plasmodium vivax Infection: A Study in Central China

Malaria in selected non-Amazonian countries of Latin America

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