Immune Response to Human Metapneumovirus Infection: What We Have Learned from the Mouse Model

Cheemarla, Nagarjuna R.; Guerrero-Plata, Antonieta

doi:10.3390/pathogens4030682

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(106 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, our study involved inpatients with severe lower airway infections, and IL-1β and IL-6 levels were higher in the hMPV group, unlike in study of Laham et al [ 15 ]. hMPV infection in mice has been shown to induce increased levels of IL-6 compared to those infected with RSV [ 16 ]. A study by Guerrero-Plata et al [ 17 ] found human dendritic cells exposed to hMPV and RSV produced increased levels of IL-6 and IL-1B.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of nasal cytokine profiles of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus

Park

Kim

Kwon

et al. 2017

Asia Pacific Allergy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundHuman metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) share some epidemiological and clinical characteristics; however, few studies have examined the mechanisms by which these viruses induce airway inflammation.ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to compare cytokine profiles in hMPV and RSV patients to investigate possible differences in inflammatory pathways.MethodsNasopharyngeal aspirate specimens were collected from 1,008 pediatric patients hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection with wheezing and 20 normal healthy controls. Patients were tested for 7 common respiratory viruses then divided into hMPV (n = 35) and RSV groups (n = 67). T helper (Th) 1 (interferon [IFN]-γ), Th2 (interleukin [IL]-4, eotaxin) and Th17 (IL-1β, IL-6) cytokine profiles were analyzed in the 3 groups.ResultsIFN-γ and IL-2 levels were significantly increased in the hMPV and RSV groups compared to the control group (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). IL-4 levels were significantly higher in the RSV group compared to the hMPV and control groups (p = 0.0003 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Eotaxin levels showed a tendency to be higher in the RSV group compared to the hMPV group (p = 0.0580), and significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). IL-1β levels were significantly higher in the hMPV compared to the RSV group (p < 0.0001), and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the hMPV group compared to the control group (p < 0.0001).ConclusionOur results suggest that hMPV and RSV have different inflammatory mechanisms. hMPV induces airway inflammation by the Th17 pathway through release of IL-1β and IL-6, whereas RSV acts through the Th2 pathway.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of nasal cytokine profiles of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus

Park

Kim

Kwon

et al. 2017

Asia Pacific Allergy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Innate immune responses are the first line of defence against the viral infection and act by recognizing the pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) on the viral particles through the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) present on the immune cells in the respiratory tracts. The common PRRs like membrane bound Toll-like-receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), cytoplasmic RIG-I like receptors (RLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) like receptors (NLRs) recognize the viral PAMPs and initiate the inflammatory and immune response via the cytokines produced by the cells in respiratory tract [ 19 ]. MyD88 (common adaptor of TLRs) mediated pathways has been shown to be essential for pulmonary immune response to HMPV infection by recruitment of immune cells to lungs [ 83 ].…”

Section: Immune Response To Hmpvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During HMPV infection, the protective humoral immunity is mostly directed towards the F protein of the virus rather than G and SH proteins [ 35 ]. The cell mediated immune response is majorly responsible for immune surveillance in the infected host and clears the virus infection by activation of virus specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) which induces the apoptosis of infected cells or by activating the Th cells to further activate B cells and other immune cells like DCs and macrophages [ 19 ]. Studies done on mice models indicate that during HMPV primary infection, CD4 + as well as CD8 + T cells are responsible for inflammation and body weight loss leading to severe lung disease but they also have a protective role of clearing the virus infection from the host’s body which is evident by accumulation of HMPV specific CTLs in the lungs of infected host at approximately 7 days post infection [ 2 , 43 , 54 ].…”

Section: Immune Response To Hmpvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophylactic and therapeutic approaches for human metapneumovirus

Kumar

Srivastava

2018

VirusDis.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important pneumovirus which causes acute respiratory disease in human beings. The viral infection leads to mild to severe respiratory symptoms depending on the age and immune status of the infected individual. Several groups across the world are working on the development of immunogens and therapy to manage HMPV infection with promising results under laboratory conditions but till date any virus specific vaccine or therapy has not been approved for clinical use. This minireview gives an overview of the prophylactic and therapeutic approaches to manage HMPV infections.

show abstract

“…By 5 yr old, most children have been infected by HMPV, and by the age of 25, virtually all adults have been exposed to the virus [26,27]. Research studies conducted over the last decade demonstrate that HMPV induces a spectrum of immune responses, some of which contribute to the antiviral defense, whereas others mount an evasion strategy by the virus for effective infection [28,29]. However, several gaps in the understanding of immune responses to HMPV resulted in limited success with the development of effective vaccines and specific therapeutics against this clinically important viral infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophils regulate the lung inflammatory response via γδ T cell infiltration in an experimental mouse model of human metapneumovirus infection

Cheemarla

Baños-Lara

Naidu

et al. 2017

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in human circulation. They are the first immune cell population recruited to the sites of infection. However, the role of neutrophils to regulate host immune responses during respiratory viral infections is largely unknown. To elucidate the role of neutrophils in respiratory antiviral defense, we used an experimental mouse model of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection. HMPV, a member of the family, is a leading respiratory pathogen causing severe symptoms, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia, in young, elderly, and immunocompromised patients. We demonstrate that neutrophils are the predominant population of immune cells recruited into the lungs after HMPV infection. This led us to hypothesize that neutrophils represent a key player of the immune response during HMPV infection, thereby regulating HMPV-induced lung pathogenesis. Specific depletion of neutrophils in vivo using a mAb and simultaneous infection with HMPV exhibited higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, pulmonary inflammation, and severe clinical disease compared with HMPV-infected, competent mice. Interestingly, the lack of neutrophils altered γδ T cell accumulation in the lung. The absence of γδ T cells during HMPV infection led to reduced pulmonary inflammation. These novel findings demonstrate that neutrophils play a critical role in controlling HMPV-induced inflammatory responses by regulating γδ T cell infiltration to the site of infection.

show abstract

Immune Response to Human Metapneumovirus Infection: What We Have Learned from the Mouse Model

Cited by 14 publications

References 72 publications

Comparison of nasal cytokine profiles of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus

Comparison of nasal cytokine profiles of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus

Prophylactic and therapeutic approaches for human metapneumovirus

Neutrophils regulate the lung inflammatory response via γδ T cell infiltration in an experimental mouse model of human metapneumovirus infection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About