Immune response to Aβ-peptides in peripheral blood from patients with Alzheimer's disease and control subjects

Antibody concentrations to Aβ1–42 monomer and soluble oligomers in untreated and antibody–antigen-dissociated intravenous immunoglobulin preparations

“…Numerous studies have compared the levels of these antibodies between non-cognitively impaired subjects and those with AD, but whether these antibodies increase, decrease, or remain unchanged in AD subjects is unclear [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Anti-Aβ antibodies in human serum are present in IgM as well as IgG, and the anti-Aβ titer for these antibodies has been reported to be higher in IgM than in IgG [20].…”

Systemic and Central Immunity in Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic Implications

“…Thus, whilst some comparisons of plasma samples in AD and control subjects have shown some evidence for an increase in antibody titres to beta amyloid (Aβ) in AD compared to control subjects [38,39] other studies have no significant increases or even decreases [40,41] with other studies [42] suggesting that serum antibodies for oligomeric preparations of Aβ1-42 decline with advancing AD.…”

Measurement of anti-Aβ1–42 antibodies in intravenous immunoglobulin with indirect ELISA: The problem of nonspecific binding

“…IvIg's benefits in these trials have been suggested to be due to antibodies to amyloid-beta (A␤), the major protein in plaques in the AD brain (Relkin et al, 2009), but other explanations, such as IvIg's anti-inflammatory and anti-complementary actions (Kazatchkine and Kaveri, 2001;Arumugam et al, 2007;Nimmerjahn and Ravetch, 2008), are also possible. The indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been used to measure anti-A␤ antibody concentrations in IvIg (Dodel et al, 2002;Relkin et al, 2007;Szabo et al, 2008) and in AD serum and plasma samples (Hyman et al, 2001;Nath et al, 2003;Baril et al, 2004;Moir et al, 2005;Jianping et al, 2006;Song et al, 2007;Gruden et al, 2004;Gustaw et al, 2008). The latter investigations produced conflicting results as to whether the levels of these antibodies are increased, decreased, or unchanged in 0165-0270/$ -see front matter © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.…”