Immune response of olive flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) infected with the myxosporean parasite Kudoa septempunctata

Jang, Yeounghwan; Dharaneedharan, Subramanian; Won, Seung-Hwan; Heo, Moon‐Soo

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.019

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…While it was not surprising to find a strong induction of IFN-gamma, something that is commonly seen in C. shasta infected salmonids and other myxozoan infected fish [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], it was perhaps surprising that the early immune response was so strongly focused on this one pathway. IFN-gamma is the signature T H 1 cytokine and mediates the response to viruses and other intracellular pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Transcriptomic and Histologic Profiling Reveals Tissue Repair Mechanisms Underlying Resistance to the Parasite Ceratonova shasta

et al. 2021

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Background: Myxozoan parasites infect fish worldwide causing significant disease or death in many economically important fish species, including rainbow trout and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The myxozoan Ceratonova shasta is a parasite of salmon and trout that causes ceratomyxosis, a disease characterized by severe inflammation in the intestine resulting in hemorrhaging and necrosis. Populations of O. mykiss that are genetically fixed for resistance or susceptibility to ceratomyxosis exist naturally, offering a tractable system for studying the immune response to myxozoans. The aim of this study was to understand how steelhead trout that are resistant to the disease respond to C. shasta once it has become established in the intestine and identify potential mechanisms of resistance. Results: Sequencing of intestinal mRNA from resistant steelhead trout with severe C. shasta infections identified 417 genes differentially expressed during the initial stage of the infection compared to uninfected control fish. A strong induction of interferon-gamma and interferon-stimulated genes was evident, along with genes involved in cell adhesion and migration. A total of 11,984 genes were differentially expressed during the late stage of the infection, most notably interferon-gamma, interleukin-6, and immunoglobulin transcripts. A distinct hardening of the intestinal tissue and a strong inflammatory reaction in the intestinal submucosa including severe hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltrates were observed in response to the infection. The massive upregulation of caspase-14 early in the infection, a protein involved in keratinocyte differentiation might reflect the rapid onset of epithelial repair mechanisms, and the collagenous stratum compactum seemed to limit the spread of C. shasta within the intestinal layers. These observations could explain the ability of resistant fish to eventually recover from the infection. Conclusions: Our results suggest that resistance to ceratomyxosis involves both a rapid induction of key immune factors and a tissue response that limits the spread of the parasite and the subsequent tissue damage. These results improve our understanding of the myxozoan–host dialogue and provide a framework for future studies investigating the infection dynamics of C. shasta and other myxozoans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Transcriptomic and Histologic Profiling Reveals Tissue Repair Mechanisms Underlying Resistance to the Parasite Ceratonova shasta

et al. 2021

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“…infections are a global concern in the fishing sector, often linked to myoliquefaction and the development of multiple plasmodia in fish muscles [ 12 ] . Notably, Kudoa thyrsites , a widely distributed myxosporean species, is known to induce "soft flesh" in affected fish [ 13 ] , leading to reduced market value and significant economic losses [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Kudoa species (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida) infection in purple-spotted Bigeye (Priacanthus tayenus) from the Saudi Arabian Gulf

Ibrahim,

Attia,

Baghdadi

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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The purple-spotted bigeye, Priacanthus tayenus, is a marine benthic fish native to the Indian and Pacific Oceans, including the Arabian Gulf in Saudi Arabia. This study identified a myxozoan parasite infecting wild P. tayenus from the Saudi Arabian Gulf. These parasites produced spherical to ovoid-shaped, white plasmodia enclosed within pseudocysts in the fish musculature. The annual infection rate was 5.1%, with the highest prevalence in summer (7.6%), followed by spring (6%), and autumn (2.5%), while no infections were observed in winter. The number of plasmodia per fish ranged from 100 to 150 (135.1 ± 16.2). Their dimensions were 4–4.7 mm (4.3 ± 0.3 mm) in length and 4.5–7 mm (6 ± 1.1 mm) in width. Milky-colored exudates within the plasmodia contained mature spores measuring 8–9 μm (8.6 ± 0.4 μm) x 6–7.5 μm (6.9 ± 0.5 μm). The polar capsules of the spores exhibited dimensions of 2–5 μm (3.5 ± 0.5 μm) x 2.5–4.5 μm (3 ± 0.45 μm). Both morphological and genetic analyses confirmed these plasmodia as a novel Kudoa species. Histopathological examination revealed atrophy in the surrounding muscles without an inflammatory response. This study documents the first occurrence of a novel Kudoa sp. in P. tayenus at the Jubail landing site in Saudi Arabia, emphasizing the need for further surveillance and investigations to elucidate its pathogenesis and implications for wild fish stocks.

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“…Host responses to parasites are varied and manifest at different levels, including immunological reactions, physiological and biochemical changes in their metabolism. Infections cause biochemical rearrangements in the infected host tissues and can bring about serious structural and functional changes in the infected organs (Mukjrakov & Silkina, 2006;Skuratovskaya et al, 2013Skuratovskaya et al, , 2015Skuratovskaya et al, , 2019Eissa et al 2014;Mozhdeganloo & Heidarpour, 2014;Jang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical response of two fish species of Gobiidae (Gobiiformes) to Cryptocotyle (Opisthorchiida, Heterophyidae) metacercariae infection from the mouth of the river Chernaya (Black Sea)

2020

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Metacercariae of Cryptocotyle are among the most numerously recorded trematode parasites in the estuarine biocenoses of the Azov-Black Sea basin. These parasites can massively affect body surface, gills and fins of host fishes including gobiids. However, information on the influence of Cryptocotyle metacercariae on the physiological and biochemical status of gobies is extremely limited. Biochemical response of two fish species of Gobiidae - grass goby Zosterisessor ophiocephalus (Pallas, 1814) and mushroom goby Ponticola eurycephalus (Kessler, 1874) to Cryptocotyle spp. metacercariae infection at the mouth of River Chernaya (Black Sea) was investigated. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were measured as parameters of biochemical response. The findings of this study demonstrate interspecific differences in fish response to parasite infections. High infection leads to an intensification of lipid peroxidation and a weakening of antioxidant protection in the muscles of mushroom goby but activation of the antioxidant enzyme system in the muscles of grass goby. The results show a greater resistance of grass goby to the infection when compared with mushroom goby.

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Immune response of olive flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) infected with the myxosporean parasite Kudoa septempunctata

Cited by 14 publications

References 56 publications

Intestinal Transcriptomic and Histologic Profiling Reveals Tissue Repair Mechanisms Underlying Resistance to the Parasite Ceratonova shasta

Intestinal Transcriptomic and Histologic Profiling Reveals Tissue Repair Mechanisms Underlying Resistance to the Parasite Ceratonova shasta

First report of Kudoa species (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida) infection in purple-spotted Bigeye (Priacanthus tayenus) from the Saudi Arabian Gulf

Biochemical response of two fish species of Gobiidae (Gobiiformes) to Cryptocotyle (Opisthorchiida, Heterophyidae) metacercariae infection from the mouth of the river Chernaya (Black Sea)

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