Immune response in infants after universal hepatitis B vaccination: a community-based study in Malaysia

Cheang, Hon Kit; Wong, Hui Tong; Ho, Shu Chien; Chew, Kee Siang; Lee, Way Seah

doi:10.11622/smedj.2013078

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The study by Cheang et al also reported seroprotection rates at year 1 in 59 preterm infants. The seroprotection rate at year 1 was 98.3% in preterm infants versus 96.4% in infants born at term [28].…”

Section: Standard Schedule and Pediatric Dosementioning

confidence: 89%

“…In children 30-40 months of age vaccinated from birth, 83.8% continued to have anti-HBs antibodies ≥10 mIU/ml [27]. Cheang et al reported 96.4% seroprotection 1-year post-vaccination of newborn term infants [28] (data presented in Table 4). The blood sampling time point is given in months unless otherwise indicated.…”

Section: Standard Schedule and Pediatric Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

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The immunogenicity of GSK’s recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in children: a systematic review of 30 years of experience

Ende¹,

Marano

Ahee³

et al. 2017

Expert Review of Vaccines

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The World Health Organization recommends hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines to be included in national immunization schedules everywhere, and has adopted the strategic goal of halting viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030, under which vaccination plays a major role. Engerix™ B (GSK HepB, GSK, Belgium) was the first recombinant HBV vaccine to be licensed, and marked its 30th anniversary in 2016. Areas covered: We conducted a systematic review of the literature summarizing 30 years of immunogenicity and safety data for GSK HepB in children and adolescents. Expert commentary: Primary 3-dose vaccination of healthy infants and children, including infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers, using the standard 0, 1, 6 month schedule was associated with seroprotection rates ≥96.0%. In high-risk infants, vaccine efficacy at year 5 was 96.0% after 3-dose priming in infancy and immunoglobulin at birth. Lower seroprotection rates were observed in children with severe underlying disease including human immunodeficiency virus infection and cancer. GSK HepB had a clinically acceptable safety profile in all of the populations studied. HBV vaccines have demonstrated long-term impacts on rates of fulminant hepatitis, chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. GSK HepB will continue to contribute to global HBV control for the foreseeable future.

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Section: Standard Schedule and Pediatric Dosementioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Standard Schedule and Pediatric Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

The immunogenicity of GSK’s recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in children: a systematic review of 30 years of experience

Ende¹,

Marano

Ahee³

et al. 2017

Expert Review of Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This apparent nonresponse could be due to many things including genetic factors, malnutrition or other illness, documentation errors, expired vaccine, or poor vaccination technique. Some individuals might have had no initial serologic response to vaccination; others might have had initially adequate antibody levels that waned over time . On the other hand, since no interval between series completion and testing was shorter than 5 months, the nonresponse is unlikely to be attributable to a postvaccination gap during which provoked immune systems were not yet producing antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A and B among newly arrived refugees: Vaccinate all, or test first for immunity?

Einterz¹

2018

Int J Clin Pract

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Summary Aim When screening newly arrived refugees, physicians must decide whether to vaccinate against hepatitis A and B at first encounter, thereby minimising missed opportunity, or to test for immunity and vaccinate only the susceptible, minimising unnecessary intervention. Better knowledge of hepatitis A and B immunity in refugee populations from different parts of the world is needed. Method Overseas and domestic medical records of refugees from Africa, Asia, and the Middle East who entered Marion County (Indiana) between 1 September 2016 and 31 December 2017 were reviewed. Results Of 1191 refugees, 1163 and 1153 were tested for immunity to hepatitis A and B respectively. Among <19 year‐olds, immunity to hepatitis A ranged from 52.1% to 79.6%, and immunity to hepatitis B ranged from 75.5% to 87.6%. Among ≥19 year‐olds, immunity to hepatitis A was greater than 90% for each of the three regions, whereas immunity to hepatitis B ranged from 19.3% to 94.4%. 96% of refugees in the subset of Burmese ≥19 years old were immune to hepatitis B. Of individuals immune to hepatitis B, immunity was due to vaccination in 94.1% of <19 year‐olds and 57.4% of ≥19 year‐olds. 10% of refugees with at least three documented doses of hepatitis B vaccine were negative for hepatitis B surface antibody. 34.1% of uninfected refugees with no documented doses of hepatitis B vaccination were positive for hepatitis B surface antibody. Conclusion It is reasonable to begin hepatitis A vaccination of <19 year‐olds in this refugee population at first encounter but to test first for hepatitis A susceptibility before vaccinating those ≥19 years old. Similarly delaying hepatitis B vaccination might be appropriate only for a subset of Burmese adults.

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“…The HBsAg detection rate was 2.5% among those born in 1985 (before the implementation of universal infant vaccination), which declined to 0.4% among those born in 1996. 7 8 In another study among the 2,923 new student intakes in the Faculties of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Malaya, from 2005 to 2011, the overall HBsAg prevalence was 0.62%. The HBsAg prevalence rate was 1.08% (15/1,390) among those born before 1989 and only 0.20% (3/1,533) among those born in or after 1989.…”

Section: Past and Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis in Malaysia: Past, Present, and Future

Raihan

2016

Euroasian Journal of Hepato-Gastroenterology

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Malaysia is multiethnic, with a population of 31,127,247 comprising a mixture of Malays (50.1%), Chinese (22.6%), Indians (6.7%), Aborigines (11.8%), others (0.7%), and noncitizens (8.2%). Like other countries in the region, viral hepatitis is an important public health problem in Malaysia. The 3 most common causes for hepatitis in Malaysia are hepatitis A, B, and C. Hepatitis A has been a reportable disease in Malaysia since 1988. Due to the introduction of government control programs, the national incidence rate has dropped steadily. It is now estimated that 50% of Malaysians less than 30 years of age do not have antibodies to hepatitis A and are therefore susceptible to the disease, which can be prevented by reinforcing the hygiene status of the general population. Malaysia is a country of medium seroprevalence for the hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) in the general population (1.5-9.8%). The major route of transmission is from infected mother to fetus. There are an estimated 1 million people chronically infected with hepatitis B in Malaysia. Approximately 75% of all viral hepatitis cases are due to hepatitis B infection, with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) accounts for more than 80% of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases seen in Malaysia and HCC is the 3rd most common malignant neoplasm and among the 10 leading causes of death. Most common genotypes are B and C. Incidence rates among Chinese, Malays, and Indians are 36, 26, and 15% respectively. The hepatitis B vaccination program for children was introduced in 1989, which successfully managed to reduce the seroprevalence of infection among Malaysians to 0.01% (graph 4, 2014). But the disease burden will still remain high for some time as the infected people are getting older and living longer. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a growing problem in Malaysia. An estimated 453,700 people were living with HCV infection in Malaysia in 2009 (2.5% of the population aged 15-64 years), of whom 59% acquired their infection through injection and the most common genotypes found are genotype 3 and 1. The HCV-related disease burden is already high and is forecast to rise steeply over the coming decades under current levels of antiviral treatment. Increased governmental resources to improve HCV screening and treatment rates and to reduce transmission are essential to address the high projected HCV disease burden in Malaysia.How to cite this articleRaihan R. Hepatitis in Malaysia: Past, Present, and Future. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2016;6(1):52-55.

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Immune response in infants after universal hepatitis B vaccination: a community-based study in Malaysia

Abstract: CONClUSIONThe proportion of Malaysian mothers who are positive for HBsAg remains high. The three-shot hepatitis B vaccine, given as part of universal vaccination against hepatitis B, provides adequate anti-HBs in the vast majority of infants in a community setting in Malaysia.

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

The immunogenicity of GSK’s recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in children: a systematic review of 30 years of experience

The immunogenicity of GSK’s recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in children: a systematic review of 30 years of experience

Hepatitis A and B among newly arrived refugees: Vaccinate all, or test first for immunity?

Hepatitis in Malaysia: Past, Present, and Future

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