Immune Response and Partial Protection against Heterologous Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Induced by Dendrimer Peptides in Cattle

Abstract

Synthetic peptides mimicking protective B- and T-cell epitopes are good candidates for safer, more effective FMD vaccines. Nevertheless, previous studies of immunization with linear peptides showed that they failed to induce solid protection in cattle. Dendrimeric peptides displaying two or four copies of a peptide corresponding to the B-cell epitope VP1 [136–154] of type O FMDV (O/UKG/11/2001) linked through thioether bonds to a single copy of the T-cell epitope 3A [21–35] (termed B2T and B4T, resp.) afforded protection in vaccinated pigs. In this work, we show that dendrimeric peptides B2T and B4T can elicit specific humoral responses in cattle and confer partial protection against the challenge with a heterologous type O virus (O1/Campos/Bra/58). This protective response correlated with the induction of specific T-cells as well as with an anamnestic antibody response upon virus challenge, as shown by the detection of virus-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) in lymphoid tissues distal from the inoculation point.

Artificially designed hepatitis B virus core particles composed of multiple epitopes of type A and O foot‐and‐mouth disease virus as a bivalent vaccine candidate

“…However, because of the lack of suitable T helper cell epitopes or the lower molecular weight of epitope peptides, these epitope vaccines induce a limited antibody response, which results in decreased immune protection after infection . In addition, multiple studies have shown that Th cell epitopes are necessary to enhance both humoral and cellular immune responses by activating T cells . Moreover, the cytokines secreted by activated T cells can promote the proliferation and differentiation of B cells into plasma cells, which produce antibodies .…”

“…The plate was sensitized at 37℃ for 1 hour in an incubator, and the BHK‐21 cell suspension (1 × 10 5 /mL) was added to the plate (50 μL/well) for continuous culture for 72 hours at 37℃, and then checked under a light microscope. According to the Karber method, the highest dilution of serum, which can protect 50% cells from CPE, is the neutralizing antibody titer of the serum …”

“…According to the Karber method, the highest dilution of serum, which can protect 50% cells from CPE, is the neutralizing antibody titer of the serum. 28…”

“…34 In addition, multiple studies have shown that Th cell epitopes are necessary to enhance both humoral and cellular immune responses by activating T cells. 13,28 Moreover, the cytokines secreted by activated T cells can promote the proliferation and differentiation of B cells into plasma cells, which produce antibodies. 13 We introduced Splenic lymphocytes were isolated 42 days after the priming immunization and stimulated with the purified inactivated type A FMDV.…”

“…Chimeric rHBc/AO OR rHBc/AOT VLPs induced specific antibody responses in miceTo study the specific antibody response induced by chimeric VLPs, an ELISA was performed to detect the concentration of FMDV-specific IgG in the serum collected on days 0,14,21,28,35, and 42 after the priming immunization. Two weeks after the priming immunization, specific antibodies against type A and O FMDV were detected in the serum samples.…”