Immune Response and Disease Resistance of Barramundi, <i>Lates calcarifer</i> (Bloch), Offered Diets Supplemented with Replete Levels of Tryptophan or Whey

Chi, Chia‐Chun; Shiu, Ya‐Li; Lin, Hsueh‐Li; Liu, Chun-Hung

doi:10.1111/jwas.12432

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…By contrast, the confinement/netting stress test only resulted in an upregulation of mxp at 1hps. These results agree with a study in barramundi ( Lates calcarifer ) fed a diet supplemented with 1% Trp where there was high lysozyme activity and an upregulation of mxp expression after a challenge with nervous necrosis virus (NNV) (Chi et al., 2018). These results may be explained by the participation of interferon regulatory factors (IRF) in the regulation of the abovementioned proteins.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Stressors Due to Handling Impair Gut Immunity in Meagre (Argyrosomus regius): The Compensatory Role of Dietary L-Tryptophan

et al. 2019

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In the context of intensive aquaculture, meagre ( Argyrosomus regius ) is one of the most important new aquaculture species in Southern Europe and several studies are focused on the optimization of its culture. Nevertheless, stressors such as handling during transport or culture maintenance may affect the immune system, thereby impairing some immune responses or provoking cellular damage. One strategy that has been used to avert this type of negative stress response is the supplementation of amino acids to improve resistance to stress. In this experiment, meagre (105.0 ± 2.6 g, mean ± standard deviation) juveniles were fed two diets for a period of 7 days, the first a commercial diet supplemented with 1% tryptophan (Trp) and second, the same commercial diet without tryptophan supplementation (control group). The effects of two types of handling stressors (air exposure and confinement/netting) on fish fed both diets was evaluated in terms of gene expression of the selected gut immunity markers, such as (1) innate immune response processes: c3 complement ( c3 ), lysozyme ( lys ), and cyclooxygenase ( cox2 ); (2) humoral immune response processes: interferon type 1 ( ifn1 ), mx protein ( mxp ), interleukin 1b ( il-1b ), tumor necrosis factor 1a ( tnf1a ), and interleukin 10 ( il-10 ); (3) antimicrobial peptides: defensin ( def ), hepcidin ( hep ), piscidin ( pis ), and a marker for mitochondrial respiration: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( gapdh ). Samples of the anterior intestine were collected at 1 and 6 h post-stress (hps). Results showed that in fish fed 1% Trp, the air exposure resulted in an upregulation of gene expression at 6 hps for c3 , lys , cox2 , ifn1 , mxp , il-10 and gapdh , and il-1b and pis . The confinement/netting test for fish fed 1% Trp resulted in an upregulation of c3 and mxp and a downregulation of cox2 , ifn1 , il-1b , tnf1a , il-10 , def , hep , and gapdh at both post-stress times (1 and 6 hps). According to the present study, dietary supplementation with 1% Trp may be considered ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Stressors Due to Handling Impair Gut Immunity in Meagre (Argyrosomus regius): The Compensatory Role of Dietary L-Tryptophan

et al. 2019

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“…hydrophila [ 83 ]. Similarly, improved lysosomal and phagocytic activity has been reported in response to inclusion of whey in Barramundi ( Lates calcarifer ) diets [ 84 ]. In our study, it is important to mention that an elevated immune response and higher survival were only observed in the larvae fed Diet 3 and not Diet 2, which also included whey proteins, but in much lower levels, indicating that this inclusion level might be insufficient to facilitate the same immunomodulatory effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Exploring bacterial community composition and immune gene expression of European eel larvae (Anguilla anguilla) in relation to first-feeding diets

Benini¹,

Politis²,

Conceição³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a commercially important species for fisheries and aquaculture in Europe and the attempt to close the lifecycle in captivity is still at pioneering stage. The first feeding stage of this species is characterized by a critical period between 20 to 24 days post hatch (dph), which is associated with mortalities, indicating the point of no return. We hypothesized that this critical period might also be associated with larvae-bacterial interactions and the larval immune status. To test this, bacterial community composition and expression of immune and stress-related genes of hatchery-produced larvae were explored from the end of endogenous feeding (9 dph) until 28 dph, in response to three experimental first-feeding diets (Diet 1, Diet 2 and Diet 3). Changes in the water bacterial community composition were also followed. Results revealed that the larval stress/repair mechanism was activated during this critical period, marked by an upregulated expression of the hsp90 gene, independent of the diet fed. At the same time, a shift towards a potentially detrimental larval bacterial community was observed in all dietary groups. Here, a significant reduction in evenness of the larval bacterial community was observed, and several amplicon sequence variants belonging to potentially harmful bacterial genera were more abundant. This indicates that detrimental larvae-bacteria interactions were likely involved in the mortality observed. Beyond the critical period, the highest survival was registered for larvae fed Diet 3. Interestingly, genes encoding for pathogen recognition receptor TLR18 and complement component C1QC were upregulated in this group, potentially indicating a higher immunocompetency that facilitated a more successful handling of the harmful bacteria that dominated the bacterial community of larvae on 22 dph, ultimately leading to better survival, compared to the other two groups.

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“…Chi et al [73] reported improved lysosomal and phagocytic activity with the inclusion of whey in Barramundi, Lates calcarifer, diet. The increase in the phagocytic percentage, phagocytic index, and nitric oxide level by WPC inclusion was attributed to the stimulation of the macrophage [74], [75].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Dietary Replacement of Fish Meal with Whey Protein Concentrate on the Growth Performance, Fish Health, and Immune Status of Nile Tilapia Fingerlings, Oreochromis niloticus

Amer

Osman

Al-Gabri

et al. 2019

Animals

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The present study was conducted to assess the effect of replacing fish meal with whey protein concentrate (WPC) on the growth performance, histopathological condition of organs, economic efficiency, disease resistance to intraperitoneal inoculation of Aeromonas hydrophila, and the immune response of Oreochromis niloticus. The toxicity of WPC was tested by measuring the activity of caspase 3 as an indicator of cellular apoptosis. Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings with average initial weight 18.65 ± 0.05 gm/fish (n = 225) for a 10-week feeding trial. The fish were randomly allocated to five experimental groups, having five replacement percentages of fish meal with WPC: 0%, 13.8%, 27.7%, 41.6%, and 55.5% (WPC0, WPC13.8, WPC27.7, WPC41.6, and WPC55.5); zero percentage represented the control group. The results show that the fish fed WPC had the same growth performance as the WPC0. The total weight of bacterially challenged surviving fish increased linearly and quadratically (p ≤ 0.05) by increasing the replacement percentage of fish meal with WPC. The growth hormone, nitric oxide, IgM, complement 3, and lysozyme activity were seen to increase significantly in WPC27.7, especially after a bacterial challenge. The phagocytic percentage and phagocytic index increased significantly in WPC27.7, WPC41.6, and WPC55.5 groups. Histopathological examination of liver sections was badly affected by high replacement in WPC41.6–55.5. The activity of caspase 3 in the immunohistochemical stained sections of the intestine was increased significantly by increasing the inclusion level of WPC. Economically, the total return of the total surviving fish after the bacterial challenge was increased significantly by fish meal replacement with WPC. It could be concluded that WPC could replace the fish meal in Nile tilapia diets up to 27.7%, with improving the gut health, the total weight of survival fish, and immune status of fish challenged with A. hydrophila. High inclusion levels of WPC are not recommended in fish diets, since they negatively affected the intestinal and liver tissues and increased the level of cellular apoptosis, as indicated by the increased caspase 3 activity. Further researches are recommended to evaluate the effect of fish meal replacement with WPC on the histopathological examination of the kidney and to test the capacity of serum IgM to clot the bacteria used for the challenge.

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Immune Response and Disease Resistance of Barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), Offered Diets Supplemented with Replete Levels of Tryptophan or Whey

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Stressors Due to Handling Impair Gut Immunity in Meagre (Argyrosomus regius): The Compensatory Role of Dietary L-Tryptophan

Stressors Due to Handling Impair Gut Immunity in Meagre (Argyrosomus regius): The Compensatory Role of Dietary L-Tryptophan

Exploring bacterial community composition and immune gene expression of European eel larvae (Anguilla anguilla) in relation to first-feeding diets

The Effect of Dietary Replacement of Fish Meal with Whey Protein Concentrate on the Growth Performance, Fish Health, and Immune Status of Nile Tilapia Fingerlings, Oreochromis niloticus

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