Immune response and disease resistance of shrimp fed biofloc grown on different carbon sources

Ekasari, Julie; Azhar, Muhammad Hanif; Surawidjaja, Enang Harris; Nuryati, Sri; Schryver, Peter De; Bossier, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.004

Cited by 192 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…During the challenge test against V. harveyi, significantly higher survival rate was found in BF4 group compared to the Con group. Similar observations were found by Ekasari et al (2014) where following a challenge test by injection with infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) the survival of the challenged shrimp from the experimental biofloc groups was significantly higher when compared to the challenged shrimp from the control treatment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Diseases caused by infectious microorganisms are known to be one of the major constraints in the shrimp aquaculture industry for the past decades (Ekasari et al, 2014). Thus, there is a need to control the disease outbreaks in this sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism of the BFT is to reuse excreted dissolved nitrogen by heterotrophic bacteria by controlling carbon and nitrogen ratio in the culture water (Avnimelech, 1999). The biofloc in the BFT system is formed by aggregating many substances such as, other microorganisms, microalgae, zooplankton, and trapped organic particles or solids from uneaten feeds (De Schryver et al, 2008;Crab et al, 2012;Ekasari et al, 2014). It has been demonstrated that the active and condensed microorganisms together with suspended organic or inorganic particles tend to from biofloc, which can be consumed constantly by cultured shrimp as a natural food source (Burford et al, 2004;Wasielesky et al, 2006;Kent et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplemental effects of biofloc powder on growth performance, innate immunity, and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Lee

Kim

Lim³

et al. 2017

Fish Aquatic Sci

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An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of dietary supplementation of a biofloc powder on growth performance and non-specific immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei. Seven experimental diets were prepared with supplementation of graded levels of dried biofloc powder by 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0% (designated as Con, BF0.5, BF1, BF2, BF4, BF6, and BF8, respectively). Triplicate groups of shrimp (1.01 ± 0.01 g) were hand-fed with one of the diets four times a day. At the end of the feeding trial, significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher growth performance and feed utilization were obtained in BF4 groups compared to those fed the Con diet. The innate immunity of shrimp was improved by the dietary supplementation of biofloc. Dietary inclusion of biofloc at the level of 4.0% significantly increased disease resistance of shrimp against Vibrio harveyi. The results indicate that biofloc might be used as a dietary supplement for growth performance, innate immunity and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplemental effects of biofloc powder on growth performance, innate immunity, and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Lee

Kim

Lim³

et al. 2017

Fish Aquatic Sci

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“…Bacillus spp. and external carbon source such as molasses can be inoculated (Lalloo et al, 2007;Ekasari et al, 2014) to stimulate the heterotrophic community and to improve water quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of bacilli, molasses, and reducing feeding rate on biofloc formation, growth, and gene expression in Litopenaeus vannamei cultured with zero water exchange

Luna‐González

Ávila-Leal

Fierro-Coronado

et al. 2017

lajar

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ABSTRACT. The effects of reducing feeding rate and molasses on water quality, growth, and gene expression of Litopenaeus vannamei were evaluated in a super intensive system with zero water exchange. A bioassay of 35 days (0,75 ± 0,22 g, 36 shrimp tank ) with treatments in triplicate was performed: I) 100% commercial feed (control group) with water exchange; II) 100% commercial feed without water exchange; III) 100% commercial feed + Bacillus licheniformis BCR 4-3 + molasses without water exchange; IV) 90% commercial feed + B. licheniformis BCR 4-3 + molasses without water exchange, and V) 80% commercial feed + B. licheniformis BCR 4-3 + molasses without water exchange. Shrimp survival, weight, nitrogenous wastes, settleable solids (SS), and the relative expression (RT-qPCR) of stress and digestive genes were determined. Shrimp survival was 100% in all treatments. The reduced diet, bioflocs, and bacilli did not affect shrimp growth. The culture conditions reduced nitrogenous wastes and modulated mRNA expression of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and heat shock protein 70. Reduced feed ration can help to maintain water quality and lower costs in intensive shrimp cultures with bioflocs.

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“…In biofloc systems, the addition of carbohydrates causes an increase in heterotrophic bacteria which can partially transform feed waste into microbial protein for shrimp nutrition, improving digestive enzyme activity of protease, amylase, cellulase and lipase and immunity response Becerra-Dorame et al, 2012;Ekasari et al, 2014), therefore improving the zootechnical variables (Avnimelech, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of two commercial feeds with high and low crude protein content on the performance of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei raised in an integrated biofloc system with the seaweed Gracilaria birdiae

Brito

Leonidas

Abreu

et al. 2018

Span. j. agric. res.

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A trial was conducted for 42 days to evaluate the effects of two commercial feeds with high and low crude protein content on the performance of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei cultivated in an integrated biofloc system with the seaweed Gracilaria birdiae. The experiment had a 2 × 2 factorial design (a biofloc monoculture or an integrated system with 32% (low) or 40% (high) crude protein content) with the following treatments: IS32 (an integrated system using low protein commercial feed); IS40 (an integrated system using high protein commercial feed); M32 (a monoculture system using low protein commercial feed); and M40 (a monoculture system using high protein commercial feed), all in triplicate. Shrimp individuals (0.23 ± 0.04 g) were stocked at a density of 500 shrimp/m 3 and no water exchange was carried out during the experimental period. No significant influence (p > 0.05) was found to be caused by the integrated system or the crude protein levels on water quality. However, a significant influence (p < 0.05) was found for final weight (3.21-4.12 g), weight gain (2.97-3.89 g), yield (1.39-1.96 kg/m 3 ) and feed conversion ratio (1.47-1.74). Growth was similar in IS32, M40 and IS40, indicating that crude protein levels can be reduced with no adverse effect on shrimp performance variables in integrated biofloc systems with G. birdiae.Additional keywords: growth; nutrition; seaweed; shrimp; water quality. Abbreviations used: FCR (feed conversion ratio); IS32 (an integrated system using low protein commercial feed); IS40 (an integrated system using high protein commercial feed); M32 (a monoculture system using low protein commercial feed); M40 (a monoculture system using high protein commercial feed); PL (postlarvae); TSS (total suspended solids).Authors' contributions: All authors contributed equally to this work (conception; acquisition, analysis, interpretation of data; drafting of the manuscript; critical revision of the manuscript and statistical analysis).Citation: Brito, L. O.; Junior, L. C.; Abreu, J. L.; Severi, W.; Moraes, L. B. S.; Galvez, A. O. (2018). Effects of two commercial feeds with high and low crude protein content on the performance of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei raised in an integrated biofloc system with the seaweed Gracilaria birdiae.

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Immune response and disease resistance of shrimp fed biofloc grown on different carbon sources

Cited by 192 publications

References 43 publications

Supplemental effects of biofloc powder on growth performance, innate immunity, and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Supplemental effects of biofloc powder on growth performance, innate immunity, and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Effects of bacilli, molasses, and reducing feeding rate on biofloc formation, growth, and gene expression in Litopenaeus vannamei cultured with zero water exchange

Effects of two commercial feeds with high and low crude protein content on the performance of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei raised in an integrated biofloc system with the seaweed Gracilaria birdiae

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