Immune Regulation of Tissue Repair and Regeneration via miRNAs—New Therapeutic Target

Abstract

The importance of immunity in tissue repair and regeneration is now evident. Thus, promoting tissue healing through immune modulation is a growing and promising field. Targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) is an appealing option since they regulate immunity through post-transcriptional gene fine-tuning in immune cells. Indeed, miRNAs are involved in inflammation as well as in its resolution by controlling immune cell phenotypes and functions. In this review, we first discuss the immunoregulatory role of miRNAs during the restoration of tissue homeostasis after injury, focusing mainly on neutrophils, macrophages and T lymphocytes. As tissue examples, we present the immunoregulatory function of miRNAs during the repair and regeneration of the heart, skeletal muscles, skin and liver. Secondly, we discuss recent technological advances for designing therapeutic strategies which target miRNAs. Specifically, we highlight the possible use of miRNAs and anti-miRNAs for promoting tissue regeneration via modulation of the immune system.

Neuroinflammation as Part of a Possible Neuro-regeneration in a Patient with ASIA-A Scale Using Combinatorial Biologics: Bioquantine® and Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…After the decision was made by the medical team and the patient's consent, the application of a translational protocol based on reported clinical evidence; we applied allogeneic MSCs combined with Bioquantine ® in situ at the intrathecal (subdural) pathway. Bioquantine ® , same miRNA demonstrated by Sergei Paylian and its evidence of neuroregeneration on murine models on its purified form (intra and extra-oocyte liquid phases of electroporated oocytes) [6], has been well tolerated by the patient without any anaphylactic reaction [3,4]. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ideal for cell-based therapy in various inflammatory diseases because of their immunosuppressive and tissue repair properties.…”

“…Targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) is an appealing option since they regulate immunity through post-transcriptional gene fine-tuning in immune cells. Indeed, miRNAs are involved in inflammation as well as in its resolution by controlling immune cell phenotypes and functions [6]. As demonstrated and discussed by Celeste Piotto et al, The Immunoregulatory role of miRNAs during the restoration of tissue homeostasis after injury is mainly focused on neutrophils, macrophages and T lymphocytes.…”

“…As demonstrated and discussed by Celeste Piotto et al, The Immunoregulatory role of miRNAs during the restoration of tissue homeostasis after injury is mainly focused on neutrophils, macrophages and T lymphocytes. While numerous regulators are known to coordinate the immune response following injury, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important actors [6].…”

“…Therefore, targeting the immunoregulatory roles of miRNAs could become an attractive option for regenerative therapies. miRNAs are well conserved among species and are involved in a variety of key biological processes by controlling post-transcriptional gene expression through decreasing mRNA stability and/or inhibiting translation [6].…”

“…The following day the collected cerebrospinal fluid was sent to the laboratory to do the cytology test and toculture it before a possible neuroinfection. Getting the report days after, did not show positive to bacterial infection [ Figure 4], but the cerebrospinal fluid cytology reported non-specific inflammatory changes.We experienced what Celeste Piotto, et al mentioned: Tissue injury is followed by a cascade of processes leading to the restoration of tissue homeostasis and it is well recognized that the immune system is strongly involved in tissue healing [6]. According to Ilse Bollaerts, et al, the acute inflammatory response that takes place rapidly after traumatic CNS lesions is put forward as one of the major elements affecting the regenerative outcome [9,10].…”