Immune regulation and the eye

Stein‐Streilein, Joan

doi:10.1016/j.it.2008.08.002

Cited by 83 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…ocular integrity and maintaining immune privilege of the eye. 34,35 We found lower levels of the soluble form of FasL in AH of diabetic patients, suggesting a decreased level of apoptosis. However, this observation should be taken cautiously since the difference was not highly significant (p = .048), and we determined the soluble form of FasL that does not always reflect the membrane (functional) form of FasL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Levels of Selected Aqueous Humor Mediators (IL-10, IL-17, CCL2, VEGF, FasL) in Diabetic Cataract

Mitrović

Kelava

Šućur

et al. 2014

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Levels of Selected Aqueous Humor Mediators (IL-10, IL-17, CCL2, VEGF, FasL) in Diabetic Cataract

Mitrović

Kelava

Šućur

et al. 2014

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation

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“…Several ocular compartments are immune-privileged based on their ability to accept foreign tissue grafts (33). But immune privilege could be breached through delivery of AAV and a foreign transgene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dosage Thresholds for AAV2 and AAV8 Photoreceptor Gene Therapy in Monkey

et al. 2011

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Gene therapy is emerging as a therapeutic modality for treating disorders of the retina. Photoreceptor cells are the primary cell type affected in many inherited diseases of retinal degeneration. Successfully treating these diseases with gene therapy requires the identification of efficient and safe targeting vectors that can transduce photoreceptor cells. One serotype of adeno-associated virus, AAV2, has been used successfully in clinical trials to treat a form of congenital blindness that requires transduction of the supporting cells of the retina in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Here, we determined the dose required to achieve targeting of AAV2 and AAV8 vectors to photoreceptors in nonhuman primates. Transgene expression in animals injected subretinally with various doses of AAV2 or AAV8 vectors carrying a green fluorescent protein transgene was correlated with surgical, clinical, and immunological observations. Both AAV2 and AAV8 demonstrated efficient transduction of RPE, but AAV8 was markedly better at targeting photoreceptor cells. These preclinical results provide guidance for optimal vector and dose selection in future human gene therapy trials to treat retinal diseases caused by loss of photoreceptors.

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“…Eye-derived antigens, which escape when local antigen presenting cells migrate through the blood to the spleen, selectively activate regulatory T-lymphocytes, which in turn downregulate the development of the antigen-specific delayed response. 32, 33 Fas ligand, an ocular cell surface factor, enhances defense by activating resident glia or neutrophils. 3, 34 Defensins are produced in the vitreous; however, defensin levels seem too low to be antimicrobial.…”

Section: Retinal Innate Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Muller Glia in Retinal Innate Immunity: A Perspective on Their Roles in Endophthalmitis

et al. 2013

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Müller cells are the predominant glial cell type in the retina and have a unique anatomy, with processes that span the entire retinal thickness. Although extensive morphological and physiological studies of Müller glia have been performed, much less is known about their role in retinal innate immunity, specifically in infectious endophthalmitis. They were found to express Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a major family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that mediate innate responses and provide an important mechanism by which Müller glia are able to sense both pathogen- and host-derived ligands in the vitreous and the retina. An increasing body of evidence suggests that TLR-signaling mediates beneficial effects in the retina via production of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, antimicrobial peptides and neuroprotective growth factors to restore tissue homeostasis. In this review, we discussed retinal innate immunity in general with emphasis on the role of Müller glia in initiating retinal innate defense.

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Immune regulation and the eye

Cited by 83 publications

References 83 publications

Levels of Selected Aqueous Humor Mediators (IL-10, IL-17, CCL2, VEGF, FasL) in Diabetic Cataract

Levels of Selected Aqueous Humor Mediators (IL-10, IL-17, CCL2, VEGF, FasL) in Diabetic Cataract

Dosage Thresholds for AAV2 and AAV8 Photoreceptor Gene Therapy in Monkey

Muller Glia in Retinal Innate Immunity: A Perspective on Their Roles in Endophthalmitis

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