Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-infected patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Risk factors for IRIS in HIV-associated Pneumocystis-pneumonia following ART initiation

“…15 In a significant proportion of 12.4% of PCP-cases paradoxical IRIS was identified as clinical complication. This was slightly more frequent than in other studies such as the trial by Grant et al with 8%, 8 or than in another smaller study with 5%, 17 respectively. In addition, former observations showed no increased mortality 8 which is consistent with our findings.…”

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Associated with <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Pneumonia and Cytomegalovirus Colitis in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis

“…PCP-IRIS can develop within a week in HIV-positive patients receiving antiviral therapy ( 10 , 11 ). The prognosis of PCP-IRIS is worse in HIV-negative patients than that in HIV-positive patients; indeed, approximately half of non-HIV patients succumbed to PCP, whereas PCP-associated death was not reported in HIV-positive patients ( 11 , 12 ). More potent immunosuppressive therapy is required for PCP-IRIS in HIV-negative patients than in HIV-positive patients.…”

miRNA-302e attenuates inflammation in infantile pneumonia though the RelA/BRD4/NF-κB signaling pathway

“…The non-specific and specific immune functions in the pediatric respiratory tract are poor, the respiratory tract can be easily infected and pulmonary tissue is subjected to inflammation (22). Moreover, cells suffer from degeneration or necrosis, along with inflammatory cell infiltration, which will produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (23). Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of the lung is insufficient and cannot eliminate these ROS in a timely fashion, so a large amount of lipid peroxides will damage the tissue and cell membrane, and increase its permeability, leading to lysosome rupture and tissue necrosis.…”