Immune recognition of <i>Echinococcus granulosus.</i> 1. Parasite‐activated, primary transformation by normal murine lymph node cells

Dixon, John; Jenkins, P.; Allan, David

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1982.tb00418.x

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Several researchers have suggested that the host's capacity for developing a parasite-specific cellular response able to eliminate the parasite may be modulated by parasite- derived effector substances (9,36,82). Local immune modulation by the parasite has been shown to enhance susceptibility to mycobacterial infections close to the site of parasite lesions (39).…”

Section: Immunology Definitive Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and immunological diagnosis of echinococcosis

Gottstein

1992

Clin Microbiol Rev

125

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Echinococcosis is an infectious disease of humans caused by the larval (metacestode) stage of the cestode species Echinococcus granulosus (cystic echinococcosis or hydatid disease) or Echinococcus multilocularis (alveolar echinococcosis or alveolar hydatid disease). Clinical manifestations depend primarily on localization and size of hepatic lesions and may include hepatomegaly, obstructive jaundice, or cholangitis. Prognostically, alveolar echinococcosis is considered similar to liver malignancies, including a lethality rate of 90% for untreated cases. Diagnosis is based on imaging techniques coupled with immunodiagnostic procedures. Antibody detection tests for E. multilocularis have markedly improved with the use of affinity-purified Em2 antigen and recombinant antigen II/3-10 in enzyme immunoassays. Antigens of corresponding quality for E. granulosus are still unavailable. The detection of circulating antigens and immune complexes in the sera of patients with cystic echinococcosis, the demonstration of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in response to stimulation with Echinococcus antigens, and the discrimination of serum immunoglobulin isotype activity to various Echinococcus antigens in both cystic and alveolar echinococcosis have been suggested for diagnostic purposes as well as for monitoring patients after treatment. New diagnostic molecular tools include DNA probes for Southern hybridization tests and polymerase chain reaction for the amplification of E. multilocularis and E. granulosus species-specific DNA fragments.

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Section: Immunology Definitive Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and immunological diagnosis of echinococcosis

Gottstein

1992

Clin Microbiol Rev

125

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“…The coenurus of Taenia multiceps produces a substance which stimulates mitosis in naive murine CD4+ T‐cells by a Class‐II‐restricted, macrophage‐dependent signal (26). Similar activity in Echinococcus granulosus (27) has been associated with the generation of CD8+ T cells suppressive for ConA‐activated mitosis (28). Secretions of M. corti , T. multiceps and E. multilocularis are all capable of modifying the accessory activity of murine macrophages (3,26,29).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

IL‐4 dependent resistance to the tapeworm Mesocestoides corti (Cestoda) in mice

Rawat

Dixon

Macintyre

et al. 2003

Parasite Immunology

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Three-week Mesocestoides corti infections of C57BL/6 mice showed significantly raised parasite counts in animals with a targeted knockout of the IL-4 gene. By contrast, antibody neutralization of IL-5 and inhibition of eosinophilia had no effect on parasite numbers. In SV/129 mice, knockout of the interferon gamma receptor and inducible nitric oxide synthase genes had no significant effect on parasite counts. In IL-4(-/-)mice the dominant IgG1 antibody response was dramatically reduced, with a concomitant increase in IgG2a/b responses and a partial twofold reduction in IgM and IgE responses. We conclude that murine resistance to M. corti is dependent on IL-4, but occurs independently of IL-5 and eosinophils. This provides the first direct evidence for IL-4 mediated immunity of mice to infection with a tissue-dwelling platyhelminth.

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“…EMT is a frequent feature in patients with lung fibrosis caused by other factors. Hydatid cyst fluid from E. granulosus is known to have significant effects on a variety of host immune cells, from acting as a mitogen, non‐specifically stimulating lymphocyte proliferation, to altering accessory cell function and antigen processing . It has also been shown to modify the phenotype of cells such as monocytes .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid enhances epithelial‐mesenchymal transition

Mohammed

Allen

Rogan

2018

Parasite Immunology

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Cystic echinococcosis is characterized by fluid-filled hydatid cysts in the liver and lungs. The cysts are surrounded by a host fibrous layer (the pericyst) which acts to isolate the parasite from surrounding tissues. Previous studies in liver cysts have indicated that the parasite may be a stimulating fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) could influence the potential for fibrosis to occur in lung tissue by stimulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a human lung epithelial cell line. An adenocarcinoma-derived alveolar basal epithelial cell line (A549) was used as a model for human alveolar epithelial cells (AEC II). These were cultured in vitro with HCF (UK sheep origin). Assays to investigate cell proliferation, cell migration and expression of cytoskeletal markers showed that HCF could stimulate changes indicative of EMT, including enhanced cell proliferation and migration; increased expression of mesenchymal cytoskeletal markers (fibronectin and vimentin) accompanied by a down-regulation of an epithelial marker (E-cadherin). Molecules within hydatid cyst fluid are capable of inducing phenotypic changes in A549 cells indicating that the parasite has the potential to modify lung epithelial cells which could contribute to fibrotic reactions.

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Immune recognition of Echinococcus granulosus. 1. Parasite‐activated, primary transformation by normal murine lymph node cells

Cited by 33 publications

References 23 publications

Molecular and immunological diagnosis of echinococcosis

Molecular and immunological diagnosis of echinococcosis

IL‐4 dependent resistance to the tapeworm Mesocestoides corti (Cestoda) in mice

Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid enhances epithelial‐mesenchymal transition

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