Immune-protective antibodies against capsular polysaccharides do not affect natural competence of Streptococcus pneumoniae: implications for current conjugate vaccination strategies?

Overweg, Karin

doi:10.1016/s0928-8244(00)00203-0

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…However, recent evidence indicates that this protection may diminish with time [232], protection may not occur against carriage of cross‐reactive types and vaccination will be followed by an increase in carriage of nonvaccine types [38, 160, 230, 233, 234]. Furthermore, capsular transformations and the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes to pneumococci of rare serotypes pose a future threat [235]. However, the rare types not included in the vaccine are believed to be less virulent [234].…”

Section: Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current State of Pneumococcal Vaccines

Wuorimaa

Käyhty

2002

Scand J Immunol

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia, meningitis, and acute otitis media in children and adults worldwide. According to World Health Organization estimates, at least 1 million children under 5 years of age die each year from pneumococcal pneumonia. The emergence of resistant strains necessitates the development of an effective vaccine with a large serotype coverage. The 11 most common serotypes cause 72±83% of all serious pneumococcal diseases worldwide. Currently marketed 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine provides large serotype coverage and offers a less expensive option. However, it is efficacious only in adults but not in infants. Conjugate vaccines offer a solution by generating immunological memory already at early age. A recently licensed 7-valent conjugate vaccine is immunogenic and efficacious in infants. Its serotype coverage might be sufficient in Europe and North America, but not in Africa, Asia and Oceania. A need exists to develop pneumococcal vaccines with lower cost and larger serotype coverage. Several 11-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are being evaluated in phase I±III trials. This study reviews the current state of pneumococcal problem and pneumococcal vaccines in clinical use.

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Section: Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current State of Pneumococcal Vaccines

Wuorimaa

Käyhty

2002

Scand J Immunol

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“…Pneumococci are genetically very flexible and can undergo natural transformation in order to obtain new phenotypic traits. Recombination events at operon(s) encoding capsule components can result in serotype switching, conferring the ability to evade the host immune system [141][142][143]. Consequently, high levels of diversity and evidence of capsule switching is observed in invasive pneumococcal isolates [144].…”

Section: Pneumococcal Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human pathogenic streptococcal proteomics and vaccine development

Cole

Henningham

Gillen

et al. 2008

Proteomics Clinical Apps

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Gram-positive streptococci are non-motile, chain-forming bacteria commonly found in the normal oral and bowel flora of warm-blooded animals. Over the past decade, a proteomic approach combining 2-DE and MS has been used to systematically map the cellular, surface-associated and secreted proteins of human pathogenic streptococcal species. The public availability of complete streptococcal genomic sequences and the amalgamation of proteomic, genomic and bioinformatic technologies have recently facilitated the identification of novel streptococcal vaccine candidate antigens and therapeutic agents. The objective of this review is to examine the constituents of the streptococcal cell wall and secreted proteome, the mechanisms of transport of surface and secreted proteins, and describe the current methodologies employed for the identification of novel surface-displayed proteins and potential vaccine antigens.

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“…The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23, Pneumovax) covers 23 pneumococcal serotypes and is able to induce protective immune responses in adults [14][15][16][17] though conflicting data has been reported [18]. However, the immune response is particularly poor in younger children <2 years of age and individual with underlying immunosuppressive conditions [19]. The maximal efficacy of PPV23 was estimated to be only 70% and revaccination might be needed in certain people as the antibody level begins to falls the following year after vaccination [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trend in Pneumococcal Serotype Distribution in Asia

Le¹,

Yusof²,

Sekaran³

2014

J Vaccines Vaccin

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Asia is one of the continents in the world heavily impacted by pneumococcal diseases but yet the information on disease burden and serotype distribution remained largely unclear. The data is essentially needed to inform the burden of pneumococcal diseases as a priority public health concern among the Asian countries. The formulations of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) included a number of prevailing serotypes in the Western world but geographical and temporal variations of vaccination effectiveness could be expected in Asia. This review focuses specifically on the most recent five years trend in serotype distributions from both invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal diseases in Asia. Other important features such as antimicrobial resistance and associated clones were also noted. All latest studies reported that complied with the scopes of this review were included and the serotyping data were extracted for comparison analysis between countries, regions, and to represent Asia as the whole. The most common serotypes detected in highest to lowest frequencies order are 19F, 14, 23F, 6B, 19A, 3, and 6A, accounted for approximate two third of the incidences. Heptavalent PCV (PCV7) is expected to cover half of the incidences with significant increment in efficacy with PCV13. East Asia, Southeast Asia, and West Asia have relatively similar serotype distributions though slight variations were observed. The more unique pattern is noted in South Asia region. Initiation of surveillance study in countries with no reporting data is needed. Continued surveillance involving nationwide or multinational collaborative networks need to be set up to enhance and standardize the reporting incidences.

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Immune-protective antibodies against capsular polysaccharides do not affect natural competence of Streptococcus pneumoniae: implications for current conjugate vaccination strategies?

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Current State of Pneumococcal Vaccines

Current State of Pneumococcal Vaccines

Human pathogenic streptococcal proteomics and vaccine development

Current Trend in Pneumococcal Serotype Distribution in Asia

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