Immune Modulation by Vitamin D: Special Emphasis on Its Role in Prevention and Treatment of Cancer

Pandolfi, Franco; Franza, Laura; Mandolini, Claudia; Conti, Pio

doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.03.012

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…Vitamin D can modulate immune responses by stimulating the innate immune response, while inhibiting the adaptive immunity response. Vitamin D attenuates chronic inflammation related to increased cancer risk [reviewed in (163,164)]. Vitamin D modulates the inflammatory immune response by up-regulation of PD-1, as was observed in Crohn's disease (165) and induces the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2 via VDR in experimental cell-based models (166).…”

Section: Vitamin D and Melanoma: Experimental And Clinical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of Vitamin D in Melanoma Development, Progression and Therapy

2019

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Melanoma is one of the most lethal types of skin cancer, with a poor prognosis once the disease enters metastasis. The efficacy of currently available treatment schemes for advanced melanomas is low, expensive, and burdened by significant side-effects. Therefore, there is a need to develop new treatment options. Skin cells are able to activate vitamin D via classical and non-classical pathways. Vitamin D derivatives have anticancer properties which promote differentiation and inhibit proliferation. The role of systemic vitamin D in patients with melanoma is unclear as epidemiological studies are not definitive. In contrast, experimental data have clearly shown that vitamin D and its derivatives have anti-melanoma properties. Furthermore, molecular and clinicopathological studies have demonstrated a correlation between defects in vitamin D signaling and progression of melanoma and disease outcome. Therefore, adequate vitamin D signaling can play a role in the treatment of melanoma. Skin cells are able to activate vitamin D via classical and nonclassical metabolic pathways (1-9). Vitamin D derivatives have anticancer properties and promote differentiation and inhibit proliferation of various cells, including melanoma, the most aggressive and lethal type of skin cancer. In this review, we provide an overview on the endogenous synthesis and activation of vitamin D via classical and non-classical pathways. We also present the association of vitamin D and melanoma based on epidemiological, experimental and clinical evidence, showing that defects in vitamin D signaling correlate with progression of melanoma and disease outcome. Therefore, restoration of the adequate vitamin D signaling can play a role in melanoma therapy. 473 This article is freely accessible online.

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Section: Vitamin D and Melanoma: Experimental And Clinical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of Vitamin D in Melanoma Development, Progression and Therapy

2019

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“…In this issue, 5 expert groups address additional aspects of vitamin D in immunity, asthma, tuberculosis, and cancer. [65][66][67][68][69]…”

Section: Theoharis C Theoharides Ms Mphil Phd Md Faaaaimentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Atopy

Theoharides

2017

Clinical Therapeutics

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Vitamin D and Atopy Vitamin D is primarily found in vertebrates and it is mostly responsible for calcium homeostasis and maintenance of healthy bones. 1,2 Natural vitamin D is obtained from intake of fish oils and other animal sources. Interestingly, microalgae contain both preÀvitamin D and active vitamin D3. 3 In humans, vitamin D synthesis is initiated in the skin by a photochemical conversion of preÀvitamin D3 by ultraviolet B rays, followed by isomerization to vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). 1 Vitamin D then undergoes the first hydroxylation in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], the circulating metabolite, which is what is meant when the term vitamin D is used in this Editorial. The active form of vitamin D is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH) 2 D3] (calcitriol) and is synthesized primarily in the kidneys. 1 Vitamin D exerts its actions by binding to a vitamin D receptor (VDR), which has been found in many cells, including T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, and mast cells (MCs). VDR activation by vitamin D results in transcription of numerous genes. Vitamin D

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“…Strong expression of calcium-sensing receptor was also related to lethal progression in PCa tumors with low vitamin D receptor (VDR) levels, whereas high VDR-expressing tumors were not linked to disease progression. 49 In the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study, low PCa mortality was linked to 25(OH)D concentrations (>85 nmol/L), 50 but lower levels of this metabolite (<50 nmol/L) increased PCa-specific mortality risk in another study. 45 In a Phase II clinical trial, daily combination therapy of cholecalciferol/vitamin D3 (200,000 IU) and G-2535 (genistein, 600 mg) increased serum levels of calcitriol but this was not reflected in prostate tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nutraceuticals in prostate cancer therapeutic strategies and their neo-adjuvant use in diverse populations

2018

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and second leading cause of cancer mortality in American males. Notably, men of African descent in the United States and Caribbean have the highest PCa mortality rates compared to men with European ancestry. Although current therapeutics are quite potent and effective, disease resistance, progression to metastasis, therapy-associated toxicities and efficacy-related issues in diverse populations develop over time. Thus, non-toxic and efficacious therapeutic strategies are needed to address these major obstacles for the clinical treatment and management of PCa. In this regard, preclinical and population-based efficacy studies have shown the potential of natural non-toxic nutraceuticals as potent anti-PCa agents. Accordingly, the implementation of nutraceutical intervention and genetic testing in diverse populations might aid in the development and design of precision medicine strategies to reduce the burden of chemotherapy-associated toxicities, suppress disease resistance, and treat both localized and advanced PCa. Consequently, additional large-scale and inclusive clinical studies are required to fully assess efficacy and therapeutic limitations of these agents in PCa. This review discusses the most current clinical research on selected nutraceutical agents and their efficacy in the context of clinico-pathological outcomes and disease susceptibility in diverse PCa clinical and epidemiological studies.

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Immune Modulation by Vitamin D: Special Emphasis on Its Role in Prevention and Treatment of Cancer

Abstract: Our findings show that vitamin D has the potential to become a valid coadjuvant in the treatment of cancer.

Cited by 45 publications

References 100 publications

Relevance of Vitamin D in Melanoma Development, Progression and Therapy

Relevance of Vitamin D in Melanoma Development, Progression and Therapy

Vitamin D and Atopy

Nutraceuticals in prostate cancer therapeutic strategies and their neo-adjuvant use in diverse populations

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