Immune Mechanisms in Hypertension

Leibowitz, Avshalom; Schiffrin, Ernesto L.

doi:10.1007/s11906-011-0224-9

Cited by 67 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…[9][10][11] Harrison et al 9 have suggested a working hypothesis for the mechanism behind this phenomenon. They assert that hypertensive stimuli, such as angiotensin II and high salt, cause a modest elevation in blood pressure, resulting in the development of prehypertension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosenescent CD8 ⁺ T Cells and C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 3 Chemokines Are Increased in Human Hypertension

Youn

Yu²,

Lim³

et al. 2013

Hypertension

256

175

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Abstract-The pathogenic role of T cells in hypertension has been documented well in recent animal studies. However, the existence of T-cell-driven inflammation in human hypertension has not been confirmed. Therefore, we undertook immunologic characterization of T cells from patients with hypertension and measured circulating levels of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 chemokines, which are well-known tissue-homing chemokines for T cells. We analyzed immunologic markers on T cells from patients with hypertension by multicolor flow cytometry. We then measured circulating levels of the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 chemokines, monokine induced by γ interferon (IFN), IFN γ-induced protein 10, and IFN-inducible T-cell α chemoattractant, in patients with hypertension and in age-and sex-matched control subjects by the cytometric bead array method. In addition, we examined histological features of IFN-inducible T-cell α chemoattractant expression from renal biopsy specimens of patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis and control subjects. The total T-cell population from patients with hypertension showed an increased fraction of immunosenescent, proinflammatory, cytotoxic CD8 + T cells. Circulating levels of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 chemokines were significantly higher in patients with hypertension than in control subjects. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining revealed increased expression of the T-cell chemokine, IFN-inducible T-cell α chemoattractant, in the proximal and distal tubules of patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis. Immunosenescent CD8 + T cells and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 chemokines are increased in human hypertension, suggesting a role for T-cell-driven inflammation in hypertension. A more detailed characterization of CD8 + T cells may offer new opportunities for the prevention and treatment of human hypertension. (Hypertension. 2013;62:126-133.)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosenescent CD8 ⁺ T Cells and C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 3 Chemokines Are Increased in Human Hypertension

Youn

Yu²,

Lim³

et al. 2013

Hypertension

256

175

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“…5,6 The metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, 37 and it is well established that inflammation has a pivotal role in atherosclerosis. 38 Inflammation is also relevant in the high-fructose diet model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Our study demonstrates that a high-fructose diet can enhance vascular inflammation, which plays a role in vascular injury and ultimately in hypertension. 5 Using Wistar rats fed 10% fructose in drinking water for 38 weeks, Tan et al 40 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Guzik et al 8 demonstrated for the first time that lack of lymphocytes in mice blunts Ang II-induced BP rise and vascular injury, and that adoptive transfer of T cells restores Ang II effects. T lymphocyte populations include T effector lymphocytes (eg, Th1 and Th2) and Treg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 Among many reasons for this epidemic, the dramatic increase in carbohydrate consumption in the Western diet makes a significant contribution. 4 Low-grade inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of CV disease, including hypertension 5 and the metabolic syndrome. 6 There is emerging evidence that the immune system, and particularly the adaptive immune response, may be involved in the triggering of these inflammatory processes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Role of T Regulatory Lymphocytes in the Pathogenesis of High-Fructose Diet–Induced Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2013

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Abstract-We recently showed that T regulatory lymphocytes (Treg), which are immune suppressors of inflammatory responses, play a role blunting the development of hypertension-induced injury. Treg are unchanged or decreased in children with metabolic syndrome, and therefore, their role in metabolic syndrome remains unclear. We hypothesized that Treg number or function would be depressed in a high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome-like model in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed normal chow or a high-fructose diet for 5 weeks. The high-fructose diet-induced a 3.8-fold increase in plasma triglycerides and a 14% reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.001). The high-fructose diet increased reactive oxygen species in aorta and periaortic adipose tissue 2.8-fold (P<0.05), and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity 1.9-fold in aorta, and 2.5-fold in the heart (P<0.05). It also increased plasma nitric oxide metabolite levels 6.4-fold (P<0.001). Western blots showed that the high-fructose diet increased ≥2.3-fold vascular and in platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 in aorta (P<0.01). It did not affect monocyte/macrophage aortic infiltration but caused a 2.4-fold increase in collagen deposition in the aortic media (P<0. 01 FoxP3+ cells was observed in children with metabolic syndrome (2.5 versus 3.1%). 15To determine the role of Treg in the metabolic syndrome, vascular oxidative stress and inflammation and the number and function of Treg were studied in high-fructose diet-fed SpragueDawley rats, a well-established model mimicking some features of the western diet-induced metabolic syndrome. 16,17 These rats exhibit hypertension, insulin resistance, and abnormal lipid profile resembling the human metabolic syndrome better than a monogenic model. We hypothesized that vascular oxidative stress and inflammation and changes in the immune response, including Treg activity and response, participate in the mechanisms leading to the metabolic syndrome. Materials and MethodsAdditional materials and methods are described in the online-only Data Supplement. Experimental DesignEight-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats (Harlan Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN) were fed a high-fructose diet (TD.89247, Harlan Laboratories) composed of 60% fructose, 21% protein, 5% fat, 8% cellulose, and standard vitamins and mineral mix or normal chow diet (control) for 5 weeks. Systolic BP (SBP) was measured by the tailcuff method after 4 weeks on the diet. SBP was also determined by telemetry together with heart rate and animal activity every 5 minutes for 10 seconds for 2 consecutive days at baseline and at the end of every week during the 5 weeks of treatment. Three days before the end of the protocol, blood was collected from the saphenous vein on heparin for triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was determined after 5 hours of fasting. At the end of the protocol, body weight was evaluated, and rats were anesthetized with 3% isoflurane mixed with O 2 at 1 L/min (depth of ane...

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Association of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in preeclampsia

Aggarwal

Jain

Mittal

et al. 2019

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

161

108

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IntroductionThe pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines play crucial role in the development and functions of placenta. Any changes in these cytokines may be associated with many pregnancy‐related disorders like preeclampsia. Therefore, the present study is aimed to study the expression of pro‐inflammatory (TNF‐α, IL‐6) and anti‐inflammatory (IL‐4, IL‐10) cytokines in placenta and serum of preeclamptic pregnant women.Material and MethodsFor this study, a total of 194 cases of preeclamptic and control cases were enrolled in two Groups as per the gestational age that is, Group I (28‐36 weeks) and II (37 weeks onwards). The number of samples was 55 in Group I and 139 in Group II. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were conducted on placenta and serum of both preeclamptic and normal samples, respectively. IHC results were revalidated by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT‐PCR).ResultsBoth Groups (I, II) of preeclampsia showed amended levels of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in placental tissues and serum samples. The levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6 were significantly increased in preeclamptic cases (P = 0.0001, P = 0.0001) while the IL‐4 and IL‐10 were downregulated (P = 0.0001, P = 0.0001) in comparison to control. In addition, a negative correlation was also observed between the two in preeclampsia (P = 0.0001).ConclusionThe balanced ratio of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines is essential to regulate the maternal inflammation system throughout pregnancy. Therefore, the gradual cytokine profiling of the pregnant women may be useful for the management of preeclampsia.

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Immune Mechanisms in Hypertension

Cited by 67 publications

References 39 publications

Immunosenescent CD8 ⁺ T Cells and C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 3 Chemokines Are Increased in Human Hypertension

Immunosenescent CD8 ⁺ T Cells and C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 3 Chemokines Are Increased in Human Hypertension

Role of T Regulatory Lymphocytes in the Pathogenesis of High-Fructose Diet–Induced Metabolic Syndrome

Association of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in preeclampsia

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Immune Mechanisms in Hypertension

Cited by 67 publications

References 39 publications

Immunosenescent CD8 + T Cells and C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 3 Chemokines Are Increased in Human Hypertension

Immunosenescent CD8 + T Cells and C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 3 Chemokines Are Increased in Human Hypertension

Role of T Regulatory Lymphocytes in the Pathogenesis of High-Fructose Diet–Induced Metabolic Syndrome

Association of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in preeclampsia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Immunosenescent CD8 ⁺ T Cells and C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 3 Chemokines Are Increased in Human Hypertension

Immunosenescent CD8 ⁺ T Cells and C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 3 Chemokines Are Increased in Human Hypertension