Immune Frailty and Nanomaterials: The Case of Allergies

Himly, Martin; Grotz, Bettina; Sageder, Marlene; Geppert, Mark; Duschl, Albert

doi:10.2174/2213529402666160601124654

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Other possible candidate ligands acting as danger signals providing immunodeviation into type 1 include lipopolysaccharide, monophosphoryl lipid-A, cholera or E. coli toxins, or flagellin ( 181 – 187 ). Table 1 gives an overview on nanomedical immunomodulatory approaches in particular in respect to AIT, which have recently been reviewed elsewhere ( 188 ).…”

Section: Nps—a Potential Multifunctional Platform For Interactions Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials in the Context of Type 2 Immune Responses—Fears and Potentials

et al. 2017

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The type 2 immune response is an adaptive immune program involved in defense against parasites, detoxification, and wound healing, but is predominantly known for its pathophysiological effects, manifesting as allergic disease. Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are non-self entities that, to our knowledge, do not stimulate detrimental type 2 responses directly, but have the potential to modulate ongoing reactions in various ways, including the delivery of substances aiming at providing a therapeutic benefit. We review, here, the state of knowledge concerning the interaction of NPs with type 2 immune responses and highlight their potential as a multifunctional platform for therapeutic intervention.

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Section: Nps—a Potential Multifunctional Platform For Interactions Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials in the Context of Type 2 Immune Responses—Fears and Potentials

et al. 2017

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“…They have very low levels in serum, but are bound to high-affinity receptors on the surface of effector cells (basophils, mast cells, eosinophils). So far, no case has been described where NPs act as allergens [157], but it has been shown that binding of allergens to NPs can enhance their allergenicity [158].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle toxicology and health - where are we?

Riediker¹,

et al. 2019

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Background Particles and fibres affect human health as a function of their properties such as chemical composition, size and shape but also depending on complex interactions in an organism that occur at various levels between particle uptake and target organ responses. While particulate pollution is one of the leading contributors to the global burden of disease, particles are also increasingly used for medical purposes. Over the past decades we have gained considerable experience in how particle properties and particle-bio interactions are linked to human health. This insight is useful for improved risk management in the case of unwanted health effects but also for developing novel medical therapies. The concepts that help us better understand particles’ and fibres’ risks include the fate of particles in the body; exposure, dosimetry and dose-metrics and the 5 Bs: bioavailability, biopersistence, bioprocessing, biomodification and bioclearance of (nano)particles. This includes the role of the biomolecule corona, immunity and systemic responses, non-specific effects in the lungs and other body parts, particle effects and the developing body, and the link from the natural environment to human health. The importance of these different concepts for the human health risk depends not only on the properties of the particles and fibres, but is also strongly influenced by production, use and disposal scenarios. Conclusions Lessons learned from the past can prove helpful for the future of the field, notably for understanding novel particles and fibres and for defining appropriate risk management and governance approaches.

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“…[25] In addition, immune effects of NPs have been critically reviewed earlier. [7,26,27] Here, the role of LPS comes into play: Li and Boraschi presented in a recent review numerous in vitro and in vivo studies that describe the biological effects of endotoxin associated with NPs. [12] They show a large bandwidth of results, mainly concluding that the presence of LPS in NP samples leads to increased inflammatory reactions accompanied by upregulation of typical proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, or TNF-α.…”

Section: Endotoxin Contamination On (Nano) Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Would Immunologists Consider a Nanomaterial to be Safe? Recommendations for Planning Studies on Nanosafety

Himly

Geppert

Hofer

et al. 2020

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The immune system is professional in recognizing and responding to non-self, including nanomaterials. Immune responses by professional and nonprofessional immune cells are thus nearly inevitable upon exposure of cells and organisms to such materials. The state of research into taking the immune system into account in nanosafety studies is reviewed and three aspects in which further improvements are desirable are identified: 1) Due to technical limitations, more stringent testing for endotoxin contamination should be made. 2) Since under overdose conditions immunity shows unphysiological responses, all doses used should be justified by being equivalent to tissue-delivered doses. 3) When markers of acute inflammation or cell stress are observed, functional assays are necessary to distinguish between homeostatic fluctuation and genuine defensive or tolerogenic responses. Since immune activation can also indicate that the immune system considers a stimulus to be harmless and induces tolerance, activation markers by themselves do not necessarily imply a danger to the body. Guidelines such as these are necessary to approach the point where specific nanomaterials are classified as safe based on reliable testing strategies.

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Immune Frailty and Nanomaterials: The Case of Allergies

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Nanomaterials in the Context of Type 2 Immune Responses—Fears and Potentials

Nanomaterials in the Context of Type 2 Immune Responses—Fears and Potentials

Particle toxicology and health - where are we?

When Would Immunologists Consider a Nanomaterial to be Safe? Recommendations for Planning Studies on Nanosafety

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