Immune factors in breast milk related to infant milk allergy are independent of maternal atopy

Järvinen, Kirsi M.; Suárez‐Fariñas, Mayte; Savilahti, Erkki; Sampson, Hugh A.; Berin, M. Cecilia

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.051

Cited by 33 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, we did not find any deficiency in regulatory components in the early BM ingested by children with future suspected FA. Furthermore, we neither confirmed previous results underlying the critical role of components such as TGFβ, IgA, IFNγ, IL‐12, or IL‐4 nor found any association with other components, such as those recently evidenced in mature milk (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10) . Instead, our casecohort design demonstrated a positive association between CXCL10, TNFβ and IL‐2 concentrations in early BM and the development of FA in childhood.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Immune components of early breastmilk: Association with maternal factors and with reported food allergy in childhood

Berdi

Lauzon-Guillain

Forhan

et al. 2019

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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Background Breastmilk (BM) may participate in driving gut barrier function and immunity in the neonate. We analyzed immune and growth factor concentrations in early BM and their association with maternal/environmental characteristics and with food allergy (FA) in childhood. Methods One BM sample was collected in maternity from some mothers in the EDEN birth cohort (n = 2002 mother‐child dyads). A random selection was performed among available samples (subcohort, n = 272), for which all deliveries were full‐term, various maternal/environmental characteristics were recorded, and parents answered yearly the question “Has a medical doctor diagnosed a FA in your child?” (26 parent‐reported FA cases). Only samples collected between day 2 and day 6 post‐partum were considered for descriptive analysis (n = 263). Samples for all other FA cases available were added to the subcohort (46 additional cases; “casecohort” design). Fifty cytokines, antibodies, and growth factor concentrations were determined using multiplexed kits and analyzed using robust statistical procedures. Results BM components exhibited wide concentration ranges and global day‐to‐day variation. Different clusters of correlated factors appeared, with components from the main cluster related to maternal diet during pregnancy. Primiparity was positively associated with eleven other components, whereas other factors (eg, maternal atopy and smoking) were related to fewer components. Finally, the casecohort design highlighted a positive association between CXCL10, TNFβ, and IL‐2 concentrations and reported FA in childhood. Conclusion Beyond the unique description of early BM composition, we show that immune information transmitted to the neonate is related to various maternal factors and identified components associated with FA diagnosis in childhood.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Immune components of early breastmilk: Association with maternal factors and with reported food allergy in childhood

Berdi

Lauzon-Guillain

Forhan

et al. 2019

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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“…The results for human milk cytokines in this cohort have been previously published. 6 Clinical characteristics are shown in Table EI . The earliest available milk sample was assessed from each mother; at median 1.0 months in 41 mothers of non-CMA infants and at median 1.4 in 39 mothers of CMA infants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human milk oligosaccharides and development of cow's milk allergy in infants

Seppo

Autran

Bode

et al. 2017

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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105

123

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CAPSULE SUMMARY Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) provide a main substrate to help shape the infant's gut microbiota and affect the maturation of the intestinal mucosal immune system. In our cohort, infants that received human milk with low Lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) III concentrations (< 60μM) were more likely to become affected with cow's milk allergy when compared to high LNFP III-containing milk (odds ratio 6.7, 95% CI 2.0-22).

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“…A recent study has investigated the effect of the immunological milieu of HM including 28 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors on development of cow's milk allergy. The authors reported interactions between the immune markers and showed that networks of HM regulatory and pro‐inflammatory cytokines including TGF‐β1, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐10 are associated with tolerance to cow's milk development . These findings suggest that narrowing research to single components could result in conflicting and even misleading findings and suggests that HM studies should implement a more holistic approach given the links between development of the immune system and both the gut microbiome and HM oligosaccharides (HMO) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming growth factor beta in human milk and allergic outcomes in children: A systematic review

Khaleva

Gridneva

Geddes

et al. 2019

Clin Experimental Allergy

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Background Human milk (HM) transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) is critical for inflammation regulation and oral tolerance promotion. Previous reports suggested that variations in HM TGF‐β levels are associated with allergic outcomes. Objective We undertook a systematic review (PROSPERO 2017 CRD42017069920) to reassess the evidence on the relationships between HM TGF‐β and allergic outcomes in children. Methods Electronic bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched. Two independent reviewers screened reference lists, extracted the data and assessed risk of bias using the National Institute for Clinical Excellence methodological checklist. Results A total of 21 studies were identified. Sixteen studies assessed relationships between HM TGF‐β and risk of eczema; 14, allergic sensitization; nine, wheezing/asthma; six, food allergy; three, allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis. Five cohorts (5/18, 28%) reported a protective effect of TGF‐β1, while 3 (3/10, 30%) suggested increased risk of allergic outcomes development and 1 (1/10, 10%), a protective effect of TGF‐β2 on eczema. Meta‐analysis was not possible due to significant heterogeneity in methodology, age of outcome assessment and differing statistical approaches. 71% (15/21) of studies carried a high risk of bias. Conclusion and clinical relevance In contrast with previous findings, we did not find strong evidence of associations between HM TGF‐β and allergic outcomes. Differences in studies' methodology and outcomes do not allow unconditional rejection or acceptance of the hypothesis that HM TGF‐β influences the risk of allergy development. Future studies on diverse populations employing standardized methods, accurate phenotyping of outcomes and evaluation of the effect of TGF‐β in combination with other HM immune markers, microbiome and oligosaccharides are required.

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Immune factors in breast milk related to infant milk allergy are independent of maternal atopy

Cited by 33 publications

References 10 publications

Immune components of early breastmilk: Association with maternal factors and with reported food allergy in childhood

Immune components of early breastmilk: Association with maternal factors and with reported food allergy in childhood

Human milk oligosaccharides and development of cow's milk allergy in infants

Transforming growth factor beta in human milk and allergic outcomes in children: A systematic review

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