Immune-Enhancing Effects of Crude Polysaccharides from Korean Ginseng Berries on Spleens of Mice with Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression

Nam, Ju Hyun; Choi, JeongUn; Monmai, Chaiwat; Rod-in, Weerawan; Jang, A-yeong; You, SangGuan; Park, Woo Jung

doi:10.4014/jmb.2110.10021

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(64 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The above results indicated that Echinacea extract could effectively repair the damage of the bursa of Fasciola, promote lymphocyte proliferation and improve the immune organ index. It was reported in several studies that the immune-enhancing effects of the polysaccharide components of herbal medicine were mainly achieved by significantly increasing the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2 in serum ( Fan et al, 2013 ; Zhou et al, 2018 ; Liu et al, 2022 ; Nam et al, 2022 ), and Echinacea extract also increased the levels of these three cytokines in the serum in this trial. It is worth considering that there is a link between changes in serum levels of immune-related cytokines and changes in the intestinal flora.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Effect of Echinacea on gut microbiota of immunosuppressed ducks

Lin

Zhi

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionImmunosuppression puts animals in a susceptible state and disrupts the balance of intestinal flora, which can increase the risk of disease and cause serious harm to the farm. Echinacea can exert its immunomodulatory effect in various ways, but its influence on intestinal flora is unclear.MethodsTherefore, we investigated the effect of Echinacea extract (EE) on gut microbiota in immunosuppressed ducks by 16s-RNA sequencing in this experiment.ResultsThe results showed that EE significantly improved the weight gain of immunosuppressed ducks (p<0.001). It also increased the immune organ index (p<0.01) and upregulated the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ (p<0.05) as well as IL-2 in the serum. The lesions of the bursa were evident compared to the spleen and thymus. After treatment in the EE group, the lymphocyte count of the bursa returned to healthy levels and the lesions were significantly improved. The diversity analysis showed that neither of the alpha-diversity indices showed a significant difference (p>0.05). However, the EE group had a trend closer to the healthy group compared to the M group. β-diversity analysis revealed a high degree of sample separation between the healthy and immunosuppressed groups. The sequencing result showed a significantly higher relative abundance of Prevotella and Prevotella_UCG_001 in the dexamethasone-treated group, which could be potential biomarkers of dexamethasone-induced immunosuppression. EE increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia, Bacteroides, and Alistipes and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Megamonas, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus (p<0.05).ConclusionThe results showed that Echinacea extract improves the development of immunosuppressed ducks and modulates intestinal immune function by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacterial genera in the intestine.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Effect of Echinacea on gut microbiota of immunosuppressed ducks

Lin

Zhi

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Notably, in this study, compared to those in the NG group, the spleen indices in the CTX group were significantly lower (Fig. 1 E), which contradicts the findings of Lv [ 40 ], but aligns with the findings of Zhang, Nam, et al [ 41 , 42 ]. These starkly contrasting findings suggest the occurrence of differential immune disruption caused by CTX in different animal species, while the timing of the establishment of the immunosuppression model using cyclophosphamide is one of the key factors in the variability.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Immunopotentiating effects of herb-partitioned moxibustion on the spleens of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed rats

Xiong,

Tian,

et al. 2024

Chin Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background To investigate the effec of the herb-partitioned moxibustion on T-lymphocyte activity in immunosuppressed rats through differential modulation of the immune checkpoint molecules CD28 and CTLA-4. Methods Forty-eight Sprague‒Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal group (NG), the cyclophosphamide model group (CTX), the herb-partitioned moxibustion group (HPM), the CD28 inhibitor + herb-partitioned moxibustion group (aCD28 + HPM), the CTLA-4 inhibitor + herb-partitioned moxibustion group (aCTLA-4 + HPM), and the levamisole group (LEV) (8 rats per group). The immunosuppression model was prepared using cyclophosphamide. HPM treatments was performed via herb-partitioned moxibustion at 4 acupoints, Zhongwan (CV12), Shenque (CV8), Guanyuan (CV4), and Zusanli (ST36). Subsequently, the moxa floss was made into a conical moxa cone, which was then placed on the herbal cake and ignited. Five consecutive moxibustion strokes were performed daily for 10 consecutive days. In addition to the same moxibustion, each rat in the aCD28 + HPM group was injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mg/kg of CD28 inhibitor per rat on the first day of treatment, and 100 μL of CTLA-4 inhibitor was injected into the aCTLA-4 + HPM group on Days 1, 4, and 7. For the positive control, levamisole (LEV) was administered by gavage at a dose of 2 mg/kg once daily for 10 days. Results Compared with those in CTX model rats, the WBC counts in the HPM and other groups were significantly higher. The immobility time of EPM in the HPM group was significantly lower than that of the CTX group. The HE stainin results also showed that after treatment, the the marginal zone area of the spleen tissue in the HPM increased, the number of lymphatic sheath lymphocytes around the small central artery of the spleen increased, and the amount of red pulp containing a small amount of pigmentation was partially reduced. Compared with those in the CTX group, the serum levels of CD28, CTLA-4, B7-1, and B7-2 were significantly lower, and the levels of α-MSH, TrkB, and BDNF were significantly greater in the HPM group. The results of the flow cytometry assay showed a significant increase in the number of CD8 + T lymphocytes after treatment with HPM or other agents compared to that in the CTX group. The immunofluorescence results showed that the levels of CD28 and CTLA-4 lower in spleen tissues than in control tissues, and the binding ability of CD28 to B7-1 and B7-2 was weakened after treatment with HPM and other treatments compared with CTX rats, PCR for CD28, CTLA-4 and B7-1 showed similar results. Conclusion In the immunosuppressive rat model induced by cyclophosphamide, HPM upregulated the expression of α-MSH, TrkB, and BDNF, and downregulated the expression of CD28 and CTLA-4, thereby enhancing the activity of CD8+ T lymphocytes, restoring spleen function, improving the immunosuppressive state, restoring immune function, and effectively alleviating depressive symptoms.

show abstract

“…The spleen is an important immune organ of the body, which plays a role in indicating the strength of immune function [ 57 ]. The spleen index of AD-like mice induced by DNCB is shown in Table 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Evaluation of Paeonol-Loaded Liposomes in Thermoreversible Gels for Atopic Dermatitis

Wang

Yue

Jia

et al. 2023

Gels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Paeonol (PAE) is a hydrophobic drug. In this study, we encapsulated paeonol in a lipid bilayer of liposomes (PAE-L), which delayed drug release and increased drug solubility. When PAE-L was dispersed in gels (PAE-L-G) based on a poloxamer matrix material for local transdermal delivery, we observed amphiphilicity, reversible thermal responsiveness, and micellar self-assembly behavior. These gels can be used for atopic dermatitis (AD), an inflammatory skin disease, to change the surface temperature of the skin. In this study, we prepared PAE-L-G at an appropriate temperature for the treatment of AD. We then assessed the gel’s relevant physicochemical properties, in vitro cumulative drug release, and antioxidant properties. We found that PAE-loaded liposomes could be designed to increase the drug effect of thermoreversible gels. At 32 °C, PAE-L-G could change from solution state to gelatinous state at 31.70 ± 0.42 s, while the viscosity was 136.98 ± 0.78 MPa.S and the free radical scavenging rates on DPPH and H2O2 were 92.24 ± 5.57% and 92.12 ± 2.71%, respectively. Drug release across the extracorporeal dialysis membrane reached 41.76 ± 3.78%. In AD-like mice, PAE-L-G could also relieve skin damage by the 12th day. In summary, PAE-L-G could play an antioxidant role and relieve inflammation caused by oxidative stress in AD.

show abstract

Immune-Enhancing Effects of Crude Polysaccharides from Korean Ginseng Berries on Spleens of Mice with Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of Echinacea on gut microbiota of immunosuppressed ducks

Effect of Echinacea on gut microbiota of immunosuppressed ducks

Immunopotentiating effects of herb-partitioned moxibustion on the spleens of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed rats

Design and Evaluation of Paeonol-Loaded Liposomes in Thermoreversible Gels for Atopic Dermatitis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About