Immune-Endocrine Interactions in the Fish Gonad during Infection: An Open Door to Vertical Transmission

Valero, Yulema; Cuesta, Alberto; Cammarata, Matteo; Esteban, M. Ángeles; Chaves-Pozo, Elena

doi:10.3390/fishes3020024

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…In fish, the relevance of estrogen-immunity interactions is also demonstrated by the fact that seasonal changes of immune system correlate with estrogens levels (Szwejser et al, 2017c). Moreover, infection or immune privilege are other fish contexts where estrogen-immunity interactions take importance (Valero et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of estrogens in fish immunity with special emphasis on GPER1

Cabas

Chaves-Pozo

Mulero

et al. 2018

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of estrogens in fish immunity with special emphasis on GPER1

Cabas

Chaves-Pozo

Mulero

et al. 2018

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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“…As discussed above, fish stressotopes harbor several opportunistic and obligate parasitic, fungal, viral, and bacterial pathogens that may transmit stress-prone phenotypes vertically, by parasite colonization of gonadal tissues, and direct cortisol effects into eggs (119, 132) and affect not only broodstock and natural populations but both sexes differentially as well. Therefore, the puzzling diversity of teleost reproductive strategies may be also partially explained assuming compensatory genetic changes that overcome maladaptive responses to distressful environments.…”

Section: Janian Phenomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Netting the Stress Responses in Fish

2019

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In the last decade, the concept of animal stress has been stressed thin to accommodate the effects of short-term changes in cell and tissue physiology, major behavioral syndromes in individuals and ecological disturbances in populations. Seyle's definition of stress as “the nonspecific (common) result of any demand upon the body” now encompasses homeostasis in a broader sense, including all the hierarchical levels in a networked biological system. The heterogeneity of stress responses thus varies within individuals, and stressors become multimodal in terms of typology, source and effects, as well as the responses that each individual elicits to cope with the disturbance. In fish, the time course of changes after stress strongly depends on several factors, including the stressful experiences in early life, the vertical transmission of stressful-prone phenotypes, the degree of individual phenotypic plasticity, the robustness and variety of the epigenetic network related to environmentally induced changes, and the intrinsic behavioral responses (individuality/personality) of each individual. The hierarchical heterogeneity of stress responses demands a code that may decrypt and simplify the analysis of both proximate and evolutionary causes of a particular stress phenotype. We propose an analytical framework, the stressotope , defined as an adaptive scenario dominated by common environmental selective pressures that elicit common multilevel acute stress-induced responses and produce a measurable allostatic load in the organism. The stressotope may constitute a blueprint of embedded interactions between stress-related variations in cell states, molecular mediators and systemic networks, a map of circuits that reflect the inherited and acquired stress responses in an ever-changing, microorganismal-loaded medium. Several features of the proposed model are discussed as a starting point to pin down the maximum common stress responses across immune-neuroendocrine relevant physiological levels and scenarios, including the characterization of behavioral responses, in fish.

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“…Based on the negative results of these samples, vertical transmission of this parasite from mother to offspring is unlikely for this oviparous lizard. However, in the case of lecithotrophic organisms, primarily those pathogens can pass into the egg by vertical transmission, which pathogens attack the gonads (see review in Valero et al, 2018 in fish, Grafl et al, 2012 in a bird). Meronts of K. lacazei and its close relative, Karyolysus lacertae , have already been detected from the ovaries of lizards ( Svahn, 1975 ), so the negative result we found may be somewhat surprising; however, we did not examine whether the ovaries of our sample animals were infected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of evidence of vertical transmission of Karyolysus blood parasites in Iberian green lizards (Lacerta schreiberi)

Kopena

Martı́n

López

et al. 2021

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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To understand the spread of parasite and the persistence of infection in an ecological environment, it is essential to investigate their transmission possibilities. Vertical transmission of pathogens from mother to offspring is a fundamental opportunity, notwithstanding a relatively under-researched topic, especially in wildlife animals. We studied whether there is vertical transmission of a haemogregarinid blood parasite of Iberian green lizard ( Lacerta schreiberi ). To study infection of mothers, embryos and freshly hatched juveniles, their blood smears and molecular analyses of their tail tissue were used. Examining blood smears, seventy-one percent of females were found to be infected, but molecular analyses of all mothers showed positive results for the blood parasite. Based on molecular data the parasite was identified as a Karyolysus species. In contrast, no parasite was found in the blood smears of the freshly hatched juveniles, and we could not detect Karyolysus in the embryos or tail tissue of offspring using molecular methods either. Based on our results, vertical transmission of Karyolysus blood parasites is unlikely in the Iberian green lizard.

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Immune-Endocrine Interactions in the Fish Gonad during Infection: An Open Door to Vertical Transmission

Cited by 20 publications

References 137 publications

Role of estrogens in fish immunity with special emphasis on GPER1

Role of estrogens in fish immunity with special emphasis on GPER1

Netting the Stress Responses in Fish

Lack of evidence of vertical transmission of Karyolysus blood parasites in Iberian green lizards (Lacerta schreiberi)

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