2022
DOI: 10.25259/ijmio_26_2021
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Immune dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 virus evolution

Abstract: In December 2019, the first case of COVID-19 surfaced in Wuhan, China. The relatively unknown SARS-CoV-2 virus led to the global 2020–2021 pandemic claiming thousands of lives. One of the major reasons for the prolonged duration of the pandemic consisting of multiple waves, due to sporadic surges in the number of cases, is the emerging variants. Such variants of the classic Wuhan strain hold multiple mutations that increase the viral fitness, improve transmissibility, aid in immune escape, and overall increase… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications
(2 citation statements)
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References 84 publications
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“…Therefore, the COVID-19 contagious disease has been the subject of a voluminous body of research which has extended Kermack and McKendrick's model and involve different compartments for example S-Exposed-IR (SEIR) [7], SEI-Quarantined-R (SEIQR) [8], and SIQ-Home Quarantined-R-Diseased (SIQHRD) [9]. Whereas, one of the most serious problems facing epidemiological studies nowadays is the phenomenon of mutation where viruses adapt to their surroundings and transmit rapidly to a novel variant [10,11]. In fact, this mutation helps viruses to better invade the immune system and even refuse treatment or resist vaccines by reproducing rapidly [12].…”
Section: Introduction and Model Formulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, the COVID-19 contagious disease has been the subject of a voluminous body of research which has extended Kermack and McKendrick's model and involve different compartments for example S-Exposed-IR (SEIR) [7], SEI-Quarantined-R (SEIQR) [8], and SIQ-Home Quarantined-R-Diseased (SIQHRD) [9]. Whereas, one of the most serious problems facing epidemiological studies nowadays is the phenomenon of mutation where viruses adapt to their surroundings and transmit rapidly to a novel variant [10,11]. In fact, this mutation helps viruses to better invade the immune system and even refuse treatment or resist vaccines by reproducing rapidly [12].…”
Section: Introduction and Model Formulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is possible to carry out a series of activities, such as convection, diffusion, infection of target cells, replication, and removal, along with the mucus flow of the mucus layer after the virus is deposited in the URT mucosa [21] . With the progress of related research, host cells with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) as the receptor and coreceptor, respectively, are considered to be a breakthrough in SARS-CoV-2 invasion [22] , [23] , [24] , which is of guiding significance for the selection of target cells in its dynamic prediction. Therefore, the mucus layer acts as the first line of defense against inhaled unwanted particles [25] and the function of mucociliary movement should not be underestimated.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%