Immune complexes in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): Relationship to disease manifestation, risk group, and immunologic defect

McDougal, J S; Hubbard, Marjorie; Nicholson, Janet K. A.; Jones, Bonnie M.; Holman, Robert C.; Roberts, Jacqueline M.; Fishbein, Daniel B.; Jaffe, Harold W.; Kaplan, Jonathan E.; Spira, Thomas J.; Evatt, Bruce L.

doi:10.1007/bf00915011

Cited by 75 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The presence of increased levels of ICs in association with primate lentivirus-induced disease is not a new finding. Early in the AIDS epidemic, high levels of ICs were detected in HIV-infected individuals, and after the virus was identified as the etiologic agent of AIDS, these ICs were shown to contain HIV virions or proteins (36,37,51,52,54). Consistent with SIV infection of macaques, the formation of HIV-ICs was related to high titers of HIV-specific antibodies, high levels of HIV virion RNA in plasma, and progressive disease (14,19,51,52,54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Early in the AIDS epidemic, high levels of ICs were detected in HIV-infected individuals, and after the virus was identified as the etiologic agent of AIDS, these ICs were shown to contain HIV virions or proteins (36,37,51,52,54). Consistent with SIV infection of macaques, the formation of HIV-ICs was related to high titers of HIV-specific antibodies, high levels of HIV virion RNA in plasma, and progressive disease (14,19,51,52,54). Furthermore, complement fixation by HIV-ICs was shown to facilitate dissemination of virus bound as an IC to B cells, dendritic cells, or erythrocytes, thus contributing directly to infection of CD4 ϩ T cells and to disease (32,36,37,53).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)/Immunoglobulin G Immune Complexes in SIV-Infected Macaques Block Detection of CD16 but Not Cytolytic Activity of Natural Killer Cells

Wei

Stallworth

Vance

et al. 2006

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Natural killer cells are components of the innate immune system that play an important role in eliminating viruses and malignant cells. Using simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of macaques as a model, flow cytometry revealed a gradual loss of CD16؉ NK cell numbers that was associated with disease progression. Of note, the apparent loss of NK cells was detected in whole-blood samples but not in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), suggesting that an inhibitor(s) of the antibody used to detect CD16, the low-affinity immunoglobulin G (IgG) receptor, was present in blood but was removed during PBMC isolation. (Actual decreases in CD16؉ cell numbers in PBMC generally were not detected until animals became lymphopenic.) The putative decrease in CD16 ؉ cell numbers in whole blood correlated with increasing SIV-specific antibody titers and levels of plasma virion RNA. With the addition of increasing amounts of plasma from progressor, but not nonprogressor, macaques to PBMC from an uninfected animal, the apparent percentage of CD16

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)/Immunoglobulin G Immune Complexes in SIV-Infected Macaques Block Detection of CD16 but Not Cytolytic Activity of Natural Killer Cells

Wei

Stallworth

Vance

et al. 2006

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…The cell-free virus half-life in plasma is less than 110 min, but the exact turnover mechanism(s) remains poorly understood (31). Several studies have shown that a portion of the cell-free virus exists as immune complexes (HIV IC) resulting from binding of specific antibody and/or complement deposition on the virion surface (7,22,24,36,37).…”

Section: Is An Important Route For Infection Of T Cells In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

CD4-Negative Cells Bind Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Efficiently Transfer Virus to T Cells

Olinger

Saifuddin

Spear

2000

J Virol

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The ability of human immunodeficiency virus strain MN (HIV MN ), a T-cell line-adapted strain of HIV, and X4 and R5 primary isolates to bind to various cell types was investigated. In general, HIV MN bound to cells at higher levels than did the primary isolates. Virus bound to both CD4-positive (CD4 is an important route for infection of T cells in vivo.Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is known to infect T cells by a sequence of events including binding of gp120 to CD4 and chemokine receptors, membrane fusion, reverse transcription, and integration. Four forms of infectious virus particles have been shown to be present in vivo, and all could be important for infection of CD4 ϩ target cells. These forms include cell-associated virus, cell-free virus, immunecomplexed virus, and cell-bound virus. During HIV replication, progeny virions assemble and bud from the surface of infected cells. The assembling and budding virus on the surface of infected cells is generally referred to as cell-associated virus and has been shown to be highly infectious to neighboring target cells (2, 33). Transmission of cell-associated virus to target cells can be Ͼ100 times more efficient than that of cell-free virus (2, 4). Virus released from infected cells is considered cell free and can reach high levels (Ͼ10 6 RNA copies/ ml) in blood (6). The cell-free virus half-life in plasma is less than 110 min, but the exact turnover mechanism(s) remains poorly understood (31). Several studies have shown that a portion of the cell-free virus exists as immune complexes (HIV IC) resulting from binding of specific antibody and/or complement deposition on the virion surface (7,22,24,36,37).HIV may also bind to CD4-negative (CD4 Ϫ ) cells in vivo, which we refer to as cell-bound virus. Alternatively, several studies have demonstrated that virus bound to the surface of cells remains infectious for T cells. Thus, HIV IC bound to FDC can infect T cells (11) even in the presence of neutralizing antibody (13). A non-syncytium-inducing strain of HIV bound to erythrocytes through the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines was shown to infect peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (19). Infection of T cells with HIV IC bound to B cells was 10-to 100-fold more efficient than cell-free virus infection of T cells (15,16). The mechanism of infection of T cells by virus bound to CD4 Ϫ cells may vary depending on the cell type but could represent an important pathway of HIV infection in vivo.The goal of the current study was to determine if HIV binds to CD4Ϫ primary cells and cell lines. Furthermore, we determined if virus bound to CD4Ϫ cells can infect CD4 ϩ T lymphocytes and investigated the mechanism of infection. MATERIALS AND METHODSCell lines and isolation of primary cells. The T-lymphocytic H9 (HTB-176) and B-lymphocytic Raji (CCL-86) cell lines used were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, Va.). Cells were grown in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (Whittaker M. A. Biop...

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“…During infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), plasma virus can reach levels as high as millions of virus particles/milliliter (12,16), and a portion of this plasma virus is in the form of immune complexes (14,15,19,20). High levels of HIV are also found in lymphoid tissues, including lymph nodes (reviewed in references 3 and 8), and the total amount of virus found in this compartment within infected individuals has been estimated at 5 ϫ 10 10 virions (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Complexes Containing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Primary Isolates Bind to Lymphoid Tissue B Lymphocytes and Are Infectious for T Lymphocytes

Jakubik

Saifuddin

Takefman

et al. 2000

J Virol

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Immune complexes in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): Relationship to disease manifestation, risk group, and immunologic defect

Cited by 75 publications

References 33 publications

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)/Immunoglobulin G Immune Complexes in SIV-Infected Macaques Block Detection of CD16 but Not Cytolytic Activity of Natural Killer Cells

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)/Immunoglobulin G Immune Complexes in SIV-Infected Macaques Block Detection of CD16 but Not Cytolytic Activity of Natural Killer Cells

CD4-Negative Cells Bind Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Efficiently Transfer Virus to T Cells

Immune Complexes Containing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Primary Isolates Bind to Lymphoid Tissue B Lymphocytes and Are Infectious for T Lymphocytes

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