Immune circuitry in the peripheral nervous system

Abstract

The application of innovative and cutting-edge technologies to the study of immunoinflammatory disorders of the peripheral nervous system provides a better understanding of underlying principles of the organization of the immune network present in the peripheral nerve and its dialogue with the systemic immune system. This may foster the development of specific and highly effective therapies for immune-mediated disorders of the peripheral nerve.

Clinical Profile of Guillain Barre’ Syndrome-Observations from a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

“…A considerable body of evidence points to an organspecific autoimmune disorder mediated by auto reactive T cellsand humoral antibodies to still incompletely characterized peripheral nerve antigens 3 . A preceding infection may trigger an autoimmune response through molecular mimicry in which the hostgenerates an immune response against an infectious organism that shares epitopes with the host's peripheral nerves.…”

The Calcium-binding Proteins S100A8 and S100A9 Initiate the Early Inflammatory Program in Injured Peripheral Nerves

“…This process involves silencing of the genes coding for myelin proteins and the induction of glial fibrillary acidic protein, p75 NGF , neuregulin, and other genes that are required to support Schwann cell dedifferentiation, mitosis, and partnership with regenerating axons (7,(12)(13)(14). Schwann cells also play a key role in secreting inflammatory chemokines, cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which work in concert to stimulate the development of chemotactic gradients and the directed immune cell migration across the blood-nerve barrier and into the damaged nerve (12,(15)(16)(17). Various hematogenous immune cell types, including granulocytes (neutrophils and mast cells) and agranulocytes (monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes), infiltrate the nerve in the course of Wallerian degeneration (12,(15)(16)(17).…”

Endoneurial Macrophages Induce Perineural Invasion of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Secretion of GDNF and Activation of RET Tyrosine Kinase Receptor

“…Endoneurial macrophages (EMÈ) form a subpopulation of microglia/macrophages that participates in cellular defense and regeneration of peripheral nerves (18). At the tumor microenvironment, these immune cells can produce growth factors that promote cancer proliferation and invasion (19).…”