Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Bladder Cancer: Seize the Day

Maiorano, Brigida Anna; Giorgi, Ugo De; Ciardiello, Davide; Schinzari, Giovanni; Cisternino, A; Maiello, Evaristo

doi:10.3390/biomedicines10020411

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(172 reference statements)

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“…Immunosuppressants currently developed for PD-1 and PD-L1 show better prognostic effects than chemotherapy in the second-line treatment of MUC ( 38 ). ICIs targeting CTLA4, such as ipilimumab and tremelimumab, have also proven therapeutic effects in treating advanced BCa ( 39 ). Extracellular matrix disassembly and remodeling can affect tumor invasion by altering the tumor microenvironment ( 40 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic significance and identification of basement membrane-associated lncRNA in bladder cancer

et al. 2022

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Based on the importance of basement membrane (BM) in cancer invasion and metastasis, we constructed a BM-associated lncRNA risk model to group bladder cancer (BCa) patients. Transcriptional and clinical data of BCa patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the expressed genes of BM-related proteins were obtained from the BM-BASE database. We download the GSE133624 chip data from the GEO database as an external validation dataset. We screened for statistically different BM genes between tumors and adjacent normal tissues. Co-expression analysis of lncRNAs and differentially expressed BM genes was performed to identify BM-related lncRNAs. Then, differentially expressed BM-related lncRNAs (DEBMlncRNAs) between tumor and normal tissues were identified. Univariate/multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to select lncRNAs for risk assessment. LASSO analysis was performed to build a prognostic model. We constructed a model containing 8 DEBMlncRNAs (AC004034.1, AL662797.1, NR2F1-AS1, SETBP1-DT, AC011503.2, AC093010.2, LINC00649 and LINC02321). The prognostic risk model accurately predicted the prognosis of BCa patients and revealed that tumor aggressiveness and distant metastasis were associated with higher risk scores. In this model, we constructed a nomogram to assist clinical decision-making based on clinicopathological characteristics such as age, T, and N. The model also showed good predictive power for the tumor microenvironment and mutational burden. We validated the expression of eight lncRNAs using the dataset GSE133624 and two human bladder cancer cell lines (5637, BIU-87) and examined the expression and cellular localization of LINC00649 and AC011503.2 using a human bladder cancer tissue chip. We found that knockdown of LINC00649 expression in 5637 cells promoted the proliferation of 5637 cells.Our eight DEBMlncRNA risk models provide new insights into predicting prognosis, tumor invasion, and metastasis in BCa patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic significance and identification of basement membrane-associated lncRNA in bladder cancer

et al. 2022

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“…Thus, inhibiting PD-L1 through designing and utilizing specified monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been widely brought into play in cancer immunotherapy in recent years. Some of these immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) like Durvalumab, Avelumab, and Atezolizumab are FDA-approved ( Table 1 ) ( 51 , 96 , 97 ). A clinical trial study (NCT02639065) of Durvalumab on thirty-seven patients with esophageal cancer showed a relapse-free survival (RFS) rate of 73% ( 98 ).…”

Section: Pd-l1mentioning

confidence: 99%

The expression pattern of Immune checkpoints after chemo/radiotherapy in the tumor microenvironment

Hassanian

Asadzadeh²,

Baghbanzadeh³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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As a disease with the highest disease-associated burden worldwide, cancer has been the main subject of a considerable proportion of medical research in recent years, intending to find more effective therapeutic approaches with fewer side effects. Combining conventional methods with newer biologically based treatments such as immunotherapy can be a promising approach to treating different tumors. The concept of “cancer immunoediting” that occurs in the field of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is the aspect of cancer therapy that has not been at the center of attention. One group of the role players of the so-called immunoediting process are the immune checkpoint molecules that exert either co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory effects in the anti-tumor immunity of the host. It involves alterations in a wide variety of immunologic pathways. Recent studies have proven that conventional cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or a combination of them, i.e., chemoradiotherapy, alter the “immune compartment” of the TME. The mentioned changes encompass a wide range of variations, including the changes in the density and immunologic type of the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the alterations in the expression patterns of the different immune checkpoints. These rearrangements can have either anti-tumor immunity empowering or immune attenuating sequels. Thus, recognizing the consequences of various chemo(radio)therapeutic regimens in the TME seems to be of great significance in the evolution of therapeutic approaches. Therefore, the present review intends to summarize how chemo(radio)therapy affects the TME and specifically some of the most important, well-known immune checkpoints’ expressions according to the recent studies in this field.

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“…Immunotherapy profoundly transformed the therapeutic scenario of several malignancies; in fact, in the last two decades, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) spread in many solid tumors after achieving meaningful improvements in survival and quality of life [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Finding predictive biomarkers for ICIs to allow a better patient selection remains one of the most critical unanswered questions in contemporary immune oncology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interplay between Anti-Angiogenics and Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer

Maiorano

Parisi

Maiello

et al. 2022

Life

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Angiogenesis, a hallmark of cancer, plays a fundamental role in colorectal cancer (CRC). Anti-angiogenic drugs and chemotherapy represent a standard of care for treating metastatic disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the therapeutic algorithm of many solid tumors. However, the efficacy of ICIs is limited to mCRC patients carrying microsatellite instability (MSI-H), which represent approximately 3–5% of mCRC. Emerging evidence suggests that anti-angiogenic drugs could exhibit immunomodulatory properties. Thus, there is a strong rationale for combining anti-angiogenics and ICIs to improve efficacy in the metastatic setting. Our review summarizes the pre-clinical and clinical evidence regarding the combination of anti-angiogenics and ICIs in mCRC to deepen the possible application in daily clinical practice.

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Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Bladder Cancer: Seize the Day

Cited by 15 publications

References 86 publications

Prognostic significance and identification of basement membrane-associated lncRNA in bladder cancer

Prognostic significance and identification of basement membrane-associated lncRNA in bladder cancer

The expression pattern of Immune checkpoints after chemo/radiotherapy in the tumor microenvironment

The Interplay between Anti-Angiogenics and Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer

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