Immune-checkpoint inhibitors from cancer to COVID‑19: A promising avenue for the treatment of patients with COVID‑19 (Review)

Vivarelli, Silvia; Falzone, Luca; Torino, Francesco; Scandurra, Giuseppa; Russo, Giulia; Bordonaro, Roberto; Pappalardo, Francesco; Spandidos, Demetrios A.; Raciti, G.; Libra, Massimo

doi:10.3892/ijo.2020.5159

Cited by 57 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…59 78 Conversely, the use of ICIs has also been considered beneficial and even therapeutic, in multiple infectious scenarios including SARS-CoV-2. 62 63 67 In a recent review regarding the implications of various viral infections as they relate to the use of ICI, Gambichler et al emphasized the well-known concept of T-lymphocyte exhaustion as a distinguishing feature of several chronic viral infections, characterized by a functional loss of IL-2, impaired T-cell proliferation, and blunted cytotoxicity that simultaneously coincides with enhanced immunosuppressive cytokines including IL-10 and TGF-ß and overexpressed checkpoint receptors such as PD-1, CTLA-4, and Tim-3. 25 Similar immune profiles of T-cell exhaustion are well documented in various malignancies and are therefore known targets of ICI.…”

Section: Implications Of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and The Sars-cov-2 Antiviral Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and immunologic implications of COVID-19 in patients with melanoma and renal cell carcinoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors

Switzer

Haanen

Lorigan

et al. 2021

J Immunother Cancer

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The clinical and immunologic implications of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic for patients with cancer receiving systemic anticancer therapy have introduced a multitude of clinical challenges and academic controversies. This review summarizes the current evidence, discussion points, and recommendations regarding the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with cancer during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with a focus on patients with melanoma and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). More specifically, we summarize the theoretical concepts and available objective data regarding the relationships between ICIs and the antiviral immune response, along with recommended clinical approaches to the management of melanoma and RCC patient cohorts receiving ICIs throughout the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional insights regarding the use of ICIs in the setting of current and upcoming COVID-19 vaccines and broader implications toward future pandemics are also discussed.

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Section: Implications Of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and The Sars-cov-2 Antiviral Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and immunologic implications of COVID-19 in patients with melanoma and renal cell carcinoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors

Switzer

Haanen

Lorigan

et al. 2021

J Immunother Cancer

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“…Special attention is given to new study methods to discover old and novel compounds for COVID-19 therapy and all currently studied therapeutic alternatives. Amidst these, the significance of modifying the host immune system is commonly debated, focusing on the clinical trial of the ICI anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) blocking antibody and treatment currently utilized in oncology [13] . A study conducted by Laura Pala et al, which illustrated the persistence of anti-PD-1 therapy even after successful remission of underlying cancer, and minimal evidence reported in the literature, shows a preventative effect on COVID-19 and PD-1 blockade in cancer patients with and without chronic disease remission [8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential protective role of the anti-PD-1 blockade against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Awadasseid¹,

Yin²,

Wu³

et al. 2021

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

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The outbreak of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and its global dissemination became the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. In patients undergoing immunotherapy, the effect and path of viral infection remain uncertain. In addition, viral-infected mice and humans show T-cell exhaustion, which is identified after infection with SARS-CoV-2. Notably, they regain their T-cell competence and effectively prevent viral infection when treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies. Four clinical trials are officially open to evaluate anti-PD-1 antibody administration's effectiveness for cancer and non-cancer individuals influenced by COVID-19 based on these findings. The findings may demonstrate the hypothesis that a winning strategy to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection could be the restoration of exhausted T-cells. In this review, we outline the potential protective function of the anti-PD-1 blockade against SARS-CoV-2 infection with the aim to develop SARS-CoV-2 therapy.

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“…Moreover, increasing data indicate new means of treatment, targeting the above proteins with a specific inhibitor (ICI), with the best effect achieved in combination with other drugs, such as kinase inhibitors in cancer therapy, or CAR-T cells in lymphomas and leukemias [143]. In recent months, numerous studies have proved that these strategies can also be used against SARS-CoV-2 infection and new studies are currently under clinical investigation [144].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between Neutrophils, NETs and T-Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Infection—A Missing Piece of the Puzzle in the COVID-19 Pathogenesis?

Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej

Grywalska

Hrynkiewicz

et al. 2021

Cells

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Since the end of 2019, a new, dangerous virus has caused the deaths of more than 3 million people. Efforts to fight the disease remain multifaceted and include prophylactic strategies (vaccines), the development of antiviral drugs targeting replication, and the mitigation of the damage associated with exacerbated immune responses (e.g., interleukin-6-receptor inhibitors). However, numerous uncertainties remain, making it difficult to lower the mortality rate, especially among critically ill patients. While looking for a new means of understanding the pathomechanisms of the disease, we asked a question—is our immunity key to resolving these uncertainties? In this review, we attempt to answer this question, and summarize, interpret, and discuss the available knowledge concerning the interplay between neutrophils, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and T-cells in COVID-19. These are considered to be the first line of defense against pathogens and, thus, we chose to emphasize their role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although immunologic alterations are the subject of constant research, they are poorly understood and often underestimated. This review provides background information for the expansion of research on the novel, immunity-oriented approach to diagnostic and treatment possibilities.

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Immune-checkpoint inhibitors from cancer to COVID‑19: A promising avenue for the treatment of patients with COVID‑19 (Review)

Cited by 57 publications

References 111 publications

Clinical and immunologic implications of COVID-19 in patients with melanoma and renal cell carcinoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors

Clinical and immunologic implications of COVID-19 in patients with melanoma and renal cell carcinoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors

Potential protective role of the anti-PD-1 blockade against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Interplay between Neutrophils, NETs and T-Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Infection—A Missing Piece of the Puzzle in the COVID-19 Pathogenesis?

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