Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Fanconi Syndrome

Farid, Saira; Latif, Hira; Nilubol, C.; Kim, Chul

doi:10.7759/cureus.7686

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Furthermore, the study areas of irAEs in SCLC patients that should be addressed are as follows: [1] peculiar irAEs, such as Fanconi syndrome, which was reported in an ES-SCLC patient after he received nivolumab plus ipilimumab as second-line therapy ( 70 ); [2] the occurrence rate of irAEs, as this was higher in a real-world report ( 71 ); [3] the difference in irAEs between SCLC and NSCLC, as a previous meta-analysis has reported that the occurrence of ICI-related TRAEs in SCLC patients was higher than that in NSCLC patients ( 72 ); [4] irAEs of other ICI agents and combination therapies, as new target ICI agents and combination strategies are emerging in SCLC ( 73 ); and [5] irAEs of specific populations, as patients with autoimmune diseases are usually excluded from clinical trials, but many patients with SCLC experience paraneoplastic syndromes, and therefore the advantages or disadvantages of ICIs for these populations should be explored in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Check Point Inhibitors and Immune-Related Adverse Events in Small Cell Lung Cancer

Hou

Zhou

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a malignant solid tumor. In recent years, although immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved important advances in the treatment of SCLC, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have occurred at the same time during the therapeutic period. Some irAEs lead to dose reduction or treatment rejection. The immune microenvironment of SCLC is complicated, therefore, understanding irAEs associated with ICIs is of great importance and necessity for the clinical management of SCLC. However, the lack of comprehensive understanding of irAEs in patients with SCLC remains remarkable. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of ICIs and their associated irAEs in patients with SCLC based on present clinical data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Check Point Inhibitors and Immune-Related Adverse Events in Small Cell Lung Cancer

Hou

Zhou

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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“…Proximal RTA has also been described as a result of immunotherapy in four recent cases (43)(44)(45)(46). All cases required aggressive potassium and phosphate replacement, steroid therapy, and temporary discontinuation of ICI.…”

Section: Metabolic Acidosismentioning

confidence: 96%

Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders Associated with Cancer Immunotherapy

Uppal

Workeneh

Rondon‐Berrios

et al. 2022

CJASN

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Novel immunotherapy drugs have changed the landscape of cancer medicine. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T cells are being used and investigated in almost all solid cancers. Immune-related adverse events have been associated with immunotherapies. Acute kidney injury has been the most commonly associated kidney adverse event. In this review, we showcase the several associated electrolyte disorders seen with immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors can lead to hyponatremia by several mechanisms, with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis being the most common. Endocrine causes of hyponatremia are rare. Hypokalemia is not uncommon and is associated with both proximal and distal renal tubular acidosis. Hypercalcemia associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors has led to some interesting observations including immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced parathyroid hormone - related peptide production, sarcoid-like granulomas, and hyper-progression of the disease. Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia may be seen with immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced tumor lysis syndrome. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy-associated electrolyte disorders are also common. This is associated chiefly with hyponatremia, although other electrolyte abnormalities can occur. Early recognition and prompt diagnosis may help providers manage the mechanistically varied and novel electrolyte disorders associated with immunotherapy.

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“…In the second case, a patient with non-small cell lung cancer suffered from immune-related hepatitis followed by Fanconi syndrome after 4 weeks of ipilimumab and nivolumab treatment. After ICI discontinuation and administration of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs, renal function was restored ( 75 ). The mechanisms underlying development of Fanconi syndrome remain unclear but could be related to the toxic effect of ICIs on the proximal tubules.…”

Section: Electrolyte Disorders Due To Icismentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune checkpoint inhibitor induced nephrotoxicity: An ongoing challenge

et al. 2022

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Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have dramatically revolutionized the field of oncology over the last decade, severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are potentially life-threatening. In comparison with toxicities involving the skin, gastrointestinal tract and endocrine system, nephrotoxicity is less common but often underestimated due to difficult diagnosis. Management usually consists of treatment discontinuation and/or corticosteroid use. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of ICI-induced nephrotoxicity, evaluating drawbacks and future perspectives.

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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Fanconi Syndrome

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Immune Check Point Inhibitors and Immune-Related Adverse Events in Small Cell Lung Cancer

Immune Check Point Inhibitors and Immune-Related Adverse Events in Small Cell Lung Cancer

Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders Associated with Cancer Immunotherapy

Immune checkpoint inhibitor induced nephrotoxicity: An ongoing challenge

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