Immune checkpoint inhibitor combination therapy for gastric cancer: Research progress (Review)

Abstract

Gastric cancer is one of the most common types of cancer; notably, gastric cancer is one of the top five malignancies with regards to incidence and mortality rates. The symptoms of early gastric cancer are not typical, exhibiting only slight upper abdominal discomfort. When the symptoms become more obvious, the lesion has usually progressed to an advanced stage. Notably, >90% of inpatients already have locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer at the time of initial diagnosis, with limited treatment options for advanced gastric cancer. These options include chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). With regards to ICIs, the clinical benefit of monotherapy for advanced gastric cancer is limited; however, combinations of ICIs and other therapies may have clinical benefit. Relevant clinical studies have demonstrated that combinations of ICIs with chemotherapy, anti-vascular targeted therapy or other molecular targeted therapies, and the use of two ICIs, improve outcomes for patients with advanced gastric cancer. This article is a review of progress in the use of ICIs in combination with other therapies for the treatment of gastric cancer. The purpose of this article was to advance gastric cancer immunotherapy and to improve the overall therapeutic benefit for patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Oncoimmunology Meets Organs-on-Chip

“…Single agent-based strategies are often insufficient for a successful and complete tumor eradication in cancer patients. Current strategies aim at combining therapies with a second (or even third) drug to amplify anti-tumor responses and/or to broaden the spectrum of responding patients ( Bao et al, 2020 ; Crunkhorn, 2020 ; GajdÁcs et al, 2020 ; Iratni and Ayoub, 2020 ; Jonnalagadda et al, 2020 ; Karimi et al, 2020 ; Kawachi et al, 2020 ; Kim et al, 2020 ; Mollica et al, 2020 ; Qian et al, 2020 ; Song et al, 2020 ; Yamashita et al, 2020 ; Zhu et al, 2020 ). The development of microfluidic devices for oncoimmunology applications based on the use of drug combinations is only beginning to emerge.…”

A Network Pharmacology Study Based on the Mechanism of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium-Pinelliae Rhizoma in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer

“…GC is atypical with only epigastric discomfort in the initial stage. When the symptoms are obvious, the lesions usually have developed to the advanced stage where the methods of treatment are limited, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy [2]. Although progress has been improved in the diagnosis and treatment of GC, the prognosis of patients with GC is still poor, and the five-year survival rate is only 20%-30% [3].…”

Identification of Molecular and Immune Prognostic Classifiers of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

“…In recent years, several promising preclinical and clinical immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and active or passive immunotherapies, have shown promising results in a variety of cancers, but the effect is not obvious for AML, suggesting that AML has a unique mechanism to evade treatment (19)(20)(21)(22)(23). To better understand the role of immunity in AML, we summarized the number of immune cells in AML from the perspective of the diversity and nature of in ltrating immune cells in AML.…”