Immune Changes and Dysphoric Moods Across the Postpartum

Groër, Maureen; Jevitt, Cecilia; Ji, Ming

doi:10.1111/aji.12322

Cited by 52 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, patients with autoimmune diseases commonly experience flares in the later postnatal period, implying that systemic immune changes occur later postnatally 32 . Levels of some cytokines may take up to 3–4 months after delivery to normalize, 33 whereas certain immune cell types appear to normalize within 6 weeks 34 . The importance of early exposure to microbiota for MAIT cell development has been recently shown 35 and may explain some of the variation in MAIT cell frequencies in our study population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Changes in the Vα7.2+ CD161++ MAIT cell compartment in early pregnancy are associated with preterm birth in HIV‐positive women

Ravi

Chan

Akoto

et al. 2020

American J Rep Immunol

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Problem Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB), despite viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy. Mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an immune cell subset involved in antimicrobial immunity at mucosal surfaces. MAIT cells have been found at the maternal‐foetal interface, and MAIT cells are typically depleted early in HIV infection. We aimed to investigate changes in MAIT cells in relation to maternal HIV/ART status and PTB. Method of Study We conducted flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood samples from 47 HIV‐positive (HIV+) and 45 HIV‐negative (HIV−) pregnant women enrolled in a prospective pregnancy cohort study in Soweto, South Africa. Frequencies of Vα7.2+ CD161++ MAIT cells and proportions of CD4+, CD8+ and double‐negative MAIT cells were compared between women with and without HIV infection, and between women with and without PTB or spontaneous preterm labour (Sp‐PTL). Results Although overall MAIT cell frequencies were the same between HIV+ and HIV− patients, HIV+ patients had a higher proportion of CD8+ MAIT cells in the first two trimesters. Women with PTB and Sp‐PTL also had a higher proportion of CD8+ MAIT cells in the first trimester compared to women without these outcomes. The association between changes in MAIT cell subsets and PTB/Sp‐PTL was present in both HIV+ and HIV− women, and an additive effect on MAIT cell subsets was seen in women with both HIV infection and PTB. Conclusions Interactions between HIV‐related and pregnancy‐related changes in MAIT cell subsets and distribution may lead to imbalances in peripheral MAIT cell subsets in early pregnancy. This may contribute to the increased risk of PTB in HIV+ patients by altering the overall functionality of the peripheral MAIT cell compartment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Changes in the Vα7.2+ CD161++ MAIT cell compartment in early pregnancy are associated with preterm birth in HIV‐positive women

Ravi

Chan

Akoto

et al. 2020

American J Rep Immunol

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“…Some women are prone to postpartum relapses (10), suggesting that prolonged IFN signaling could be protective following delivery. Further, depression is a side effect of therapeutic treatment with exogenous IFN-α (31) and has been associated with aberrant proinflammatory cytokine production (32). A CC genotype could potentially be favorable for women prone to postpartum depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged activation of innate antiviral gene signature after childbirth is determined byIFNL3genotype

Price

Tedesco

Prasad

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Maternal innate and adaptive immune responses are modulated during pregnancy to concurrently defend against infection and tolerate the semiallogeneic fetus. The restoration of these systems after childbirth is poorly understood. We reasoned that enhanced innate immune activation may extend beyond gestation while adaptive immunity recovers. To test this hypothesis, the transcriptional profiles of total peripheral blood mononuclear cells following delivery in healthy women were compared with those of nonpregnant control subjects. Interestingly, interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) encoding proteins such as IFIT1, IFIT2, and IFIT3, as well as signaling proteins such as STAT1, STAT2, and MAVS, were enriched postpartum. Antiviral genes were primarily expressed in CD14 + cells and could be stratified according to genetic variation at the interferon-λ3 gene (IFNL3, also named IL28B) SNP rs12979860. Antiviral gene expression was sustained beyond 6 mo following delivery in mothers with a CT or TT genotype, but resembled baseline nonpregnant control levels following delivery in mothers with a CC genotype. CT and TT IFNL3 genotypes have been associated with persistent elevated ISG expression in individuals chronically infected with hepatitis C virus. Together, these data suggest that postpartum, the normalization of the physiological rheostat controlling IFN signaling depends on IFNL3 genotype. postpartum | CD14 | interferon | innate immunity | antiviral genes

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“…It seems that pregnancy cannot contribute to HLH during the postpartum period because the foetus has been delivered and the pathogenic factor has been eliminated. However, even after the foetus has been delivered, there is still the possibility that the immune dysregulation remains [13]. In addition to a possible sustained T cell immunomodulation disorder from pregnancy, the suppression of NK cell cytotoxicity during the postpartum period may also contribute to HLH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis during the Postpartum Stage of Pregnancy: A Report of Eight Cases

Song

Wang

et al. 2018

Acta Haematol

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Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and severe clinical syndrome that can be classified as either primary or secondary. Secondary HLH can be triggered by a variety of diseases. Pregnancy-related HLH has already been observed clinically. However, most of these cases occur during pregnancy. Considering that the periods before and after delivery have different clinical features, we presented the first case series of HLH that presented during the postpartum stage of pregnancy. From these cases, we concluded that postpartum HLH is a common form of pregnancy-related HLH. Patients with postpartum HLH may suffer more complicated pathogenesis. Cytopenia was not as common as in other types of HLH, but liver dysfunction was present in almost all cases. The standard therapy of HLH-94/04 was very effective, and the outcomes of postpartum HLH were better.

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Immune Changes and Dysphoric Moods Across the Postpartum

Cited by 52 publications

References 16 publications

Changes in the Vα7.2+ CD161++ MAIT cell compartment in early pregnancy are associated with preterm birth in HIV‐positive women

Changes in the Vα7.2+ CD161++ MAIT cell compartment in early pregnancy are associated with preterm birth in HIV‐positive women

Prolonged activation of innate antiviral gene signature after childbirth is determined byIFNL3genotype

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis during the Postpartum Stage of Pregnancy: A Report of Eight Cases

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