Immune Cells in Thermogenic Adipose Depots: The Essential but Complex Relationship

Agueda-Oyarzabal, Marina; Emanuelli, Brice

doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.839360

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 119 publications

(149 reference statements)

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“…All these genes were protein-coding genes, of which COX1 was reported that could regulate energy production in mitochondria and its impairment could result in reactive oxygen intermediates promoting oxidative stress [ 53 ], and UBB was an extrinsic substrate of the proteasome-dependent ubiquitin-fusion degradation pathway [ 54 ], and OAZI was demonstrated that its activity was associated with mitochondria [ 55 ], and NPFF was described that NPFF receptors were important for pubertal onset in pigs [ 56 ]. In addition, the signaling pathways of HKGs were investigated and found to be associated with various biological processes that sustain the basic cellular functions of life, including ribosome [ 57 ], spliceosome [ 58 ], thermogenesis [ 59 ], oxidative phosphorylation [ 60 ], and nucleocytoplasmic transport [ 61 ]. These results were consistent with previous reports [ 62 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression Profile of Housekeeping Genes and Tissue-Specific Genes in Multiple Tissues of Pigs

Pan

Cai

Wang

et al. 2022

Animals

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Pigs have become an ideal model system for human disease research and development and an important farm animal that provides a valuable source of nutrition. To profile the all-sided gene expression and their biological functions across multiple tissues, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of gene expression on a large scale around the side of housekeeping genes (HKGs), tissue specific genes (TSGs), and the co-expressed genes in 14 various tissues. In this study, we identified 2351 HKGs and 3018 TSGs across tissues, among which 4 HKGs (COX1, UBB, OAZ1/NPFF) exhibited low variation and high expression levels, and 31 particular TSGs (e.g., PDC, FKBP6, STAT2, and COL1A1) were exclusively expressed in several tissues, including endocrine brain, ovaries, livers, backfat, jejunum, kidneys, lungs, and longissimus dorsi muscles. We also obtained 17 modules with 230 hub genes (HUBGs) by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. On the other hand, HKGs functions were enriched in the signaling pathways of the ribosome, spliceosome, thermogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and nucleocytoplasmic transport, which have been highly suggested to involve in the basic biological tissue activities. While TSGs were highly enriched in the signaling pathways that were involved in specific physiological processes, such as the ovarian steroidogenesis pathway in ovaries and the renin-angiotensin system pathway in kidneys. Collectively, these stable, specifical, and co-expressed genes provided useful information for the investigation of the molecular mechanism for an understanding of the genetic and biological processes of complex traits in pigs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression Profile of Housekeeping Genes and Tissue-Specific Genes in Multiple Tissues of Pigs

Pan

Cai

Wang

et al. 2022

Animals

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Immune response to cold exposure: Role of γδ T cells and TLR2‐mediated inflammation

Vasek,

Holicek,

Galatik

et al. 2024

Eur J Immunol

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The mammalian body possesses remarkable adaptability to cold exposure, involving intricate adjustments in cellular metabolism, ultimately leading to thermogenesis. However, cold‐induced stress can impact immune response, primarily through noradrenaline‐mediated pathways. In our study, we utilized a rat model subjected to short‐term or long‐term mild cold exposure to investigate systemic immune response during the cold acclimation. To provide human relevance, we included a group of regular cold swimmers in our study. Our research revealed complex relationship between cold exposure, neural signaling, immune response, and thermogenic regulation. One‐day cold exposure triggered stress response, including cytokine production in white adipose tissue, subsequently activating brown adipose tissue, and inducing thermogenesis. We further studied systemic immune response, including the proportion of leukocytes and cytokines production. Interestingly, γδ T cells emerged as possible regulators in the broader systemic response, suggesting their possible contribution in the dynamic process of cold adaptation. We employed RNA‐seq to gain further insights into the mechanisms by which γδ T cells participate in the response to cold. Additionally, we challenged rats exposed to cold with the Toll‐like receptor 2 agonist, showing significant modulation of immune response. These findings significantly contribute to understanding of the physiological acclimation that occur in response to cold exposure.

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Mechanisms of spinophilin-dependent pancreas dysregulation in obesity

Stickel,

Shah,

Claeboe

et al. 2024

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Spinophilin is an F-actin binding and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) targeting protein that acts as a scaffold of PP1 to its substrates. Spinophilin knockout (Spino-/-) mice have decreased fat mass, increased lean mass, and improved glucose tolerance, with no difference in feeding behaviors. While spinophilin is enriched in neurons, its roles in non-neuronal tissues, such as beta cells of the pancreatic islets, are unclear. We have corroborated and expanded upon previous studies to determine that Spino-/- mice have decreased weight gain and improved glucose tolerance in two different models of obesity. We have identified multiple putative spinophilin interacting proteins isolated from intact pancreas and observed increased interactions of spinophilin with exocrine, ribosomal, and cytoskeletal protein classes that normally act to mediate peptide hormone production, processing, and/or release in Leprdb/db and/or high fat-fed (HFF) models of obesity. Additionally, we have found that spinophilin interacts with proteins from similar classes in isolated islets, suggesting a role for spinophilin in the pancreatic islet. Consistent with a pancreatic beta cell type-specific role for spinophilin, using our recently described conditional spinophilin knockout mice, we found that loss of spinophilin specifically in pancreatic beta cells improved glucose tolerance without impacting body weight in chow-fed mice. Our data further support a role for spinophilin in mediating pathophysiological changes in body weight and whole-body metabolism associated with obesity. Our data provide the first evidence that pancreatic spinophilin protein interactions are modulated by obesity and that loss of spinophilin specifically in pancreatic beta cells impacts whole-body glucose tolerance.

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Immune Cells in Thermogenic Adipose Depots: The Essential but Complex Relationship

Cited by 5 publications

References 119 publications

Expression Profile of Housekeeping Genes and Tissue-Specific Genes in Multiple Tissues of Pigs

Expression Profile of Housekeeping Genes and Tissue-Specific Genes in Multiple Tissues of Pigs

Immune response to cold exposure: Role of γδ T cells and TLR2‐mediated inflammation

Mechanisms of spinophilin-dependent pancreas dysregulation in obesity

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