Immune cell phenotypes associated with disease severity and long-term neutralizing antibody titers after natural dengue virus infection

Abstract

Immune cell phenotypes associated with disease severity and long-term neutralizing antibody titers after natural dengue virus infection Graphical abstract Highlights d T cell, B cell phenotypes, and antibodies are associated with dengue disease severity d CXCR3 + CD8 T cell responses are associated with memory B cell formation d Treg responses are associated with plasmablast responses d Memory B cell numbers correlate with long-lasting neutralizing antibody titers

A cytotoxic-skewed immune set point predicts low neutralizing antibody levels after Zika virus infection

“…However, small populations of highly activated innate and adaptive immune cells were coordinately and transiently expanded during acute infection, and distinct acute-phase immune signatures predicted the persistence of high versus low ZIKV neutralizing antibody titers 6 months after the resolution of infection. Our findings build upon a small but growing set of literature describing cellular immune responses in acute viral infection in humans ( Arunachalam et al, 2020 ; Chandele et al, 2016 ; Chng et al, 2019 ; Ellebedy et al, 2016 ; Kazer et al, 2020 ; Koutsakos et al, 2021 ; Liu et al, 2021 ; Michlmayr et al, 2018 ; Ndhlovu et al, 2015 ; Rahil et al, 2020 ; Rouers et al, 2021 ; Sekine et al, 2020 ; Takata et al, 2017 ; Townsley et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2018 ), and they suggest immunologic states to target in order to enhance the efficacy of antiviral vaccines.…”

Evaluation of the CD4+ T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and cross reactivity to beta variant in children of all ages

“…Respiratory infections are known to elicit long-term changes in the phenotype of innate and adaptive immune cell populations 25,26 . Therefore, we performed a broad immunologic phenotyping of study participants in parallel PBMC samples using two flow cytomery panels for a detailed T cell profiling and quantification of main immune cell subsets, respectively (Supplementary Figure 1 B and C).…”

Dengue Infection - Recent Advances in Disease Pathogenesis in the Era of COVID-19

“…In patients with severe dengue, a significantly higher proportion of plasmablasts occupying ~87% of the total peripheral B cell pool has been described ( 59 , 60 ). The plasmablast response peaks during severe illness and declines soon following recovery, coinciding with disease pathology ( 56 , 61 ). The highly augmented plasmablast population in severe dengue implies a paramount role in dengue immunopathogenesis.…”

“…The dominant population with hypomutated V H segments likely represents extrafollicular B cell-derived plasmablasts independent of T cells. Despite the lack of T cell help, the T-independent plasmablasts actively secreting antibodies particularly of IgG isotype with high neutralizing ability has been reported even after primary infection ( 57 , 61 ). This suggests that germ-line encoded Ig genes give rise to poly-reactive antibodies that functions during acute dengue infection ( 62 ).…”