Immune cell interplay in colorectal cancer prognosis

Norton, Samuel E; Ward‐Hartstonge, Kirsten A.; Taylor, E. S.; Kemp, Roslyn A.

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v7.i10.221

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 102 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The tumour microenvironment contains Tregs with an effector phenotype in many human cancers, and this is likely in response to inflammatory factors produced by other cells interacting with Tregs within this environment (reviewed in Chaudhary and Elkord 10 and Norton et al 22 ). As outlined above, higher frequencies of Blimp‐1 + FOXP3 + eTregs were associated with longer disease‐free survival 11 .…”

Section: Effector Tregsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, CCR5 hi FOXP3 + Tregs were more suppressive than CCR5 lo FOXP3 + Tregs in human CRC 39 . Tumours can secrete factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that recruits Tregs to tumours, aids in the conversion of Tregs to T H 17 cells, induces angiogenesis and enhances the growth of tumour cells (reviewed in Norton et al 22 ). Blocking VEGF pathways inhibited the recruitment of FoxP3 + Tregs in a mouse model of CRC, and blocked the proliferation of human Tregs in vitro 41 .…”

Section: Treg Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It may be hypoxic, contain angiogenic factors and/or suppressive immune cells, all of which contribute to tumour growth and differentiation. 22 Tregs are present in high numbers in tumours and higher infiltrates of Tregs in tumours, compared to surrounding non-tumour tissue, and have been documented numerous times in multiple cancers. 39,40 The recruitment and retention of Tregs into tumours involves the expression of chemokine receptors on Treg populations.…”

Section: Treg Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans it is more challenging to study an antigen-specific Treg response over time to measure memory, but using phenotypic markers based on effector memory T cells, a population of memory-like FOXP3 + CD25 hi Tregs (CD45RO + ICOS + CD27 + CTLA-4 + ) has been identified in human skin. 21 The tumour microenvironment contains Tregs with an effector phenotype in many human cancers, and this is likely in response to inflammatory factors produced by other cells interacting with Tregs within this environment (reviewed in Chaudhary and Elkord 10 and Norton et al 22 ). As outlined above, higher frequencies of Blimp-1 + FOXP3 + eTregs were associated with longer disease-free survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Regulatory T‐cell heterogeneity and the cancer immune response

Ward‐Hartstonge

Kemp

2017

Clin & Trans Imm

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The frequency of circulating or tumour-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs) has been associated with poor patient survival in many cancers including breast, melanoma and lung. It has been hypothesised that Tregs impact the anti-tumour function of effector T cells, resulting in worse outcomes for patients. However, high infiltrates of Tregs have been associated with a positive outcome of patients in a minority of cancers including colorectal, bladder and oesophageal. In addition, many studies have shown no impact of Tregs in patient outcome. Traditionally, research has identified Tregs as forkhead box P3 (FOXP3+) T cells in order to make such associations. Recently, it has become evident that regulatory populations are very heterogeneous, and this heterogeneity is essential for Treg function. Treg heterogeneity likely affects predictions of patient outcome, and different Treg populations may have different influences on tumours. The study of Tregs in cancer must include a better definition of the cells analysed. This review will focus primarily on colorectal cancer in humans, due to mixed data on the impact of Tregs on patient outcome in this disease.

show abstract

Section: Effector Tregsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treg Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treg Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Regulatory T‐cell heterogeneity and the cancer immune response

Ward‐Hartstonge

Kemp

2017

Clin & Trans Imm

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Norton et al. have described that Treg cells can also exhibit a suppressive effector phenotype, in colorectal cancer, in response to other inflammatory cytokines, which interact with Treg cells within the tumor site . In several studies, it has been documented that RORγt + FOXP3 + Treg cells enriched colorectal and pancreatic cancers, and are, therefore, found in higher numbers compared to control tissues.…”

Section: Role Of T Cell Subsets In Tumor Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

T lymphocyte subsets in cancer immunity: Friends or foes

Chraa

Naim

Olive

et al. 2018

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although immune-based therapy is proving to be a success in several cancer types, only a set of patients appear to respond to immune checkpoint blockade including PD-1 and CTLA-4. A better understanding of the crucial components of cancer immunity is therefore necessary. T lymphocytes, a key element, are found within the tumor microenvironment and seem to be critical in determining the efficacy of immune surveillance. In this review, we will depict the pro-and antitumor roles of major T cell subsets in distinct cancer tissues. The central role of the mainly antitumor subsets, cytotoxic T cells and Th1 cells, will be delineated. Subsequently, we will indicate how other subsets including Th2, Th17, and T regulatory cells exhibit ambivalent roles. We will also describe the emerging and favorable role of Th9 cells in cancer immunity. In parallel, we will go through main mechanisms by which these cells operate, and will pinpoint pathways, which could be used as potential therapeutic targets in order to positively impact the immune response and ameliorate patients' clinical outcome.

show abstract