2014
DOI: 10.2337/db14-0272
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Immune Cell Crosstalk in Obesity: A Key Role for Costimulation?

Abstract: In the past two decades, numerous experimental and clinical studies have established the importance of inflammation and immunity in the development of obesity and its metabolic complications, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this context, T cells orchestrate inflammatory processes in metabolic organs, such as the adipose tissue (AT) and liver, thereby mediating obesity-related metabolic deterioration. Costimulatory molecules, which are present on antigen-presenting cells and naïve … Show more

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Cited by 99 publications
(74 citation statements)
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References 77 publications
(124 reference statements)
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“…In summary, although a prior study suggests that obese patients derive a survival benefit, we show that they have significantly increased risk for several adverse transplant outcomes including delayed graft function, acute rejection and graft failure. Having higher levels of adipose tissue particularly in the abdominal area has been shown to promote a systemic proinflammatory state where both the humoral and cellular immune components work synergistically to promote inflammation [2729] [30] [31]. Some possibilities from the current literature suggests antagonism of predominantly elevated proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFa, IL6, MCP1, IL2 can be explored as possible ways for immune modulation to decrease systemic inflammation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In summary, although a prior study suggests that obese patients derive a survival benefit, we show that they have significantly increased risk for several adverse transplant outcomes including delayed graft function, acute rejection and graft failure. Having higher levels of adipose tissue particularly in the abdominal area has been shown to promote a systemic proinflammatory state where both the humoral and cellular immune components work synergistically to promote inflammation [2729] [30] [31]. Some possibilities from the current literature suggests antagonism of predominantly elevated proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFa, IL6, MCP1, IL2 can be explored as possible ways for immune modulation to decrease systemic inflammation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Such reduced GluOC levels might contribute to the lower serum concentration of testosterone in male mice fed an HFS diet than in those fed a normal diet, and therefore, they might be expected to be beneficial for glucose metabolism. However, intolerance to glucose and insulin triggered by a HFS diet is also caused by the release of inflammatory cytokines (adipokines) from hypertrophic adipocytes (47,48) and downregulation of the receptors for insulin and adiponectin (52), effects that likely mask any action of a reduced serum testosterone concentration. Fig.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In particular, chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is an essential cause of obesity-induced insulin resistance (30,33). Adipocytes in the insulin-sensitive adipose tissue of lean subjects secret anti-inflammatory cytokines (34).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%