Immune Cell–Conditioned Media Suppress Prostate Cancer PC-3 Cell Growth Correlating With Decreased Proinflammatory/Anti-inflammatory Cytokine Ratios in the Media Using 5 Selected Crude Polysaccharides

Abstract

Five different crude polysaccharides from guava seed (GSPS), bitter buckwheat (BBPS), common buckwheat (CBPS), red Formosa lambsquarters (RFLPS), and yellow Formosa lambsquarters (YFLPS) were isolated to treat human prostate cancer PC-3 cells via direct action or tumor immunotherapy. The splenocyte- and macrophage-conditioned media (SCM and MCM) were prepared using individual selected polysaccharides, and then SCM or MCM was further collected to treat PC-3 cells. The relationship between PC-3 cell growth and Th1/Th2 cytokines in SCM as well as proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion profiles in MCM were delineated. The results showed that all 5 selected polysaccharides did not significantly inhibit PC-3 cell growth via direct action. However, SCM or MCM cultured in the absence or presence of 5 selected polysaccharides significantly (P < .05) inhibited PC-3 cell growth. MCM cultured with 5 polysaccharides dose dependently enhanced their inhibitory effects on the viabilities of PC-3 cells than those cultured without polysaccharides. There was a significant (P < .05) negative correlation between PC-3 cell viabilities and (interleukin [IL]-6 + tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α)/IL-10 level ratios in the corresponding MCM, implying that macrophages suppress PC-3 cell growth through decreasing secretion ratios of proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines in a tumor microenvironment.

Quercetin Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects via Meanwhile Suppressing TLR2 Gene Expression and STAT3 Protein Phosphorylation in Activated Inflammatory Macrophages

“…Some achievements have been obtained in the present study, and Q may be further applied for anti-inflammatory clinical use including tumor therapy [9,14,18,39,40].…”

M1 Polarization but Anti-LPS-Induced Inflammation and Anti-MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Growth Effects of Five Selected Polysaccharides

“…Five selected polysaccharides isolated from guava seed (GSPS), common buckwheat (CBPS), bitter buckwheat (BBPS), red Formosa lambsquarters polysaccharides (RFLPS), and yellow Formosa lambsquarters (YFLPS) were prepared as described previously [13,24] for characterizing their effects on M1/M2 polarization, LPS-induced inflammation, and MCF-7 breast cancer cell growth via immunotherapy. e constituents and molecular weights of five selected polysaccharides used in this study have been partially characterized [13].…”

“…To prepare MCM, isolated peritoneal macrophages (2 × 10 6 cells/ml TCM medium, 0.5 ml/well) were cocultured with GSPS, CBPS, BBPS, RFLPS, or YFLPS at the indicated noncytotoxic concentrations of 0, 8, 40, and 200 μg/ml TCM medium (0.5 ml/well) in 24 well plates [24]. e plates were incubated at 37°C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO 2 and 95% air for 48 h. e cultured plate was centrifuged at 400 ×g for 10 min to collect the supernatant (ca.…”

“…Polysaccharides extracted from mushrooms [18,19], fungi [20], algae [21] and other plants [22,23] were proved to have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. Most recently, we found five novel polysaccharides through macrophage-conditioned media (MCM) dose-dependently enhance their inhibitory effects on PC-3 cell growth, implying that macrophages suppress PC-3 cells through decreasing secretion ratios of proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines in a tumor microenvironment [24].…”

“…Even though five potential polysaccharides from guava seed (GSPS), common buckwheat (CBPS), bitter buckwheat (BBPS), red Formosa lambsquarters (RFLPS), and yellow Formosa lambsquarters (YFLPS) were found to have immunomodulatory activities [13,24], their effects on M1/M2 polarization, LPS-induced inflammation, and MCF-7 breast cancer cell growth using immunotherapy remain elusive. To unravel the puzzle, GSPS, BBPS, CBPS, RFLPS, and YFLPS were selected to evaluate their M1/M2 polarization, antiinflammatory potential, and anti-MCF-7 breast cell growth using primary peritoneal macrophages in the absence or presence of 5 selected polysaccharides.…”