Immune and inflammatory mechanisms of abdominal aortic aneurysm

Abstract

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease. Immune-mediated infiltration and a destruction of the aortic wall during AAA development plays significant role in the pathogenesis of this disease. While various immune cells had been found in AAA, the mechanisms of their activation and function are still far from being understood. A better understanding of mechanisms regulating the development of aberrant immune cell activation in AAA is essential for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic approaches. In this review we summarize current knowledge about the role of immune cells in AAA and discuss how pathogenic immune cell activation is regulated in this disease.

Peripheral T-cell activation, Th17 cells, regulatory T-cells, and aortic aneurysm in people with HIV

“…However, this was only borderline significant after adjusting for diabetes and/or HCV both factors that may influence immune activation. Most studies investigating associations between T-cells and aortic aneurysms in the background population have studied immune cells in the aortic or perivascular tissue with accumulation of proinflammatory T-cells [4,7,9]. Thus, our results indicate that peripheral T-cells may not reflect the infiltration of immune cells in the aortic tissue.…”

“…We recently reported an increased risk of aortic aneurysms in people with HIV (PWH) [1]. Activated T-cells may contribute to the development of both abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysm [2][3][4]. Thus, a high proportion of T-cells including Th17 cells and accumulation of activated CD4 þ and CD8 þ T-cells in the perivascular adipose tissue have been found in tissue from aortic aneurysms [5][6][7].…”

The hydrogen sulfide donor sodium thiosulfate limits inflammation but aggravate smooth muscle cells apoptosis and aneurysm progression in a mouse model of abdominal aortic aneurysm

“…S3B). To mimic the pro-inflammatory environment of AAA, we treated primary human VSMC with a cocktail of pro-inflammatory cytokines composed of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα, which are prominent in AAA 39, 40 . STS alone did not induce apoptosis but promoted cytokine-induced apoptosis (Fig.…”

The abdominal aortic aneurysm-related disease model based on machine learning predicts immunity and m1A/m5C/m6A/m7G epigenetic regulation

“…In the early stages of AAA, immune cells infiltrate and aggregate in the blood vessels, leading to inflammatory responses in the vessel walls. Inflammatory cells stimulate smooth muscle cells to secrete matrix metalloproteinase, which degrades elastin and collagen, reduces the stability of the artery wall, and induces apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, thus playing an essential role in the occurrence and development of AAA (Marquez-Sanchez and Koltsova, 2022). Further understanding the mechanism of regulating immune cell activation in AAA will provide important targets for therapeutic intervention.…”