Immune and inflammatory mechanisms in hypertension

Guzik, Tomasz J.; Nosalski, Ryszard; Maffia, Pasquale; Drummond, Grant R.

doi:10.1038/s41569-023-00964-1

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 279 publications

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“…90 Despite these advances, relatively little is known regarding the relationship between circadian mechanisms, the immune system, and hypertension. 90,91 Plasma levels of both IL (interleukin)-18 and IL-37 are increased in subjects with hypertension, but only levels of IL-18 were linked to nondipping of BP. 92,93 Individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus exhibited significant increases in BP and several markers of immune activation.…”

Section: Compendium: Circadian Mechanisms In Cardio/ Cerebrovascular ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension: Causes and Consequences of Circadian Rhythms in Blood Pressure

Faraci,

Scheer

2024

Circulation Research

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Hypertension is extremely common, affecting approximately 1 in every 2 adults globally. Chronic hypertension is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature mortality worldwide. Despite considerable efforts to define mechanisms that underlie hypertension, a potentially major component of the disease, the role of circadian biology has been relatively overlooked in both preclinical models and humans. Although the presence of daily and circadian patterns has been observed from the level of the genome to the whole organism, the functional and structural impact of biological rhythms, including mechanisms such as circadian misalignment, remains relatively poorly defined. Here, we review the impact of daily rhythms and circadian systems in regulating blood pressure and the onset, progression, and consequences of hypertension. There is an emphasis on the impact of circadian biology in relation to vascular disease and end-organ effects that, individually or in combination, contribute to complex phenotypes such as cognitive decline and the loss of cardiac and brain health. Despite effective treatment options for some individuals, control of blood pressure remains inadequate in a substantial portion of the hypertensive population. Greater insight into circadian biology may form a foundation for novel and more widely effective molecular therapies or interventions to help in the prevention, treatment, and management of hypertension and its related pathophysiology.

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Section: Compendium: Circadian Mechanisms In Cardio/ Cerebrovascular ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension: Causes and Consequences of Circadian Rhythms in Blood Pressure

Faraci,

Scheer

2024

Circulation Research

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“…168 Emerging evidence indicates that senescent T cells and the accompanying senescence-associated secretory phenotype contribute to hypertension and vascular aging in people without HIV. [172][173][174][175][176] For example, the frequency of circulating senescent angiogenic CD4+ T cells, which are involved in endothelial regulation, is negatively related to FMD and systemic inflammation in people with hypertension. 177 Membrane microparticles shed from T cells can exacerbate endothelial dysfunction by reducing NO-mediated vasodilation via decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression.…”

Section: Hiv Immunity and Accelerated Vascular Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise to Prevent Accelerated Vascular Aging in People Living With HIV

Jones,

Robinson,

Beach

et al. 2024

Circulation Research

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Given advances in antiretroviral therapy, the mortality rate for HIV infection has dropped considerably over recent decades. However, people living with HIV (PLWH) experience longer life spans coupled with persistent immune activation despite viral suppression and potential toxicity from long-term antiretroviral therapy use. Consequently, PLWH face a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk more than twice that of the general population, making it the leading cause of death among this group. Here, we briefly review the epidemiology of CVD in PLWH highlighting disparities at the intersections of sex and gender, age, race/ethnicity, and the contributions of social determinants of health and psychosocial stress to increased CVD risk among individuals with marginalized identities. We then overview the pathophysiology of HIV and discuss the primary factors implicated as contributors to CVD risk among PLWH on antiretroviral therapy. Subsequently, we highlight the functional evidence of premature vascular dysfunction as an early pathophysiological determinant of CVD risk among PLWH, discuss several mechanisms underlying premature vascular dysfunction in PLWH, and synthesize current research on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying accelerated vascular aging in PLWH, focusing on immune activation, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. We consider understudied aspects such as HIV-related changes to the gut microbiome and psychosocial stress, which may serve as mechanisms through which exercise can abrogate accelerated vascular aging. Emphasizing the significance of exercise, we review various modalities and their impacts on vascular health, proposing a holistic approach to managing CVD risks in PLWH. The discussion extends to critical future study areas related to vascular aging, CVD, and the efficacy of exercise interventions, with a call for more inclusive research that considers the diversity of the PLWH population.

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“…Despite the availability of treatments, global blood pressure control rates are only 18%–23%, and as low as 10% in some parts of Asia and Africa. Although the low blood pressure control rates are partly due to poor treatment adherence, they also highlight that the cause of elevated blood pressure in most adults with HTN is unknown ( 2 ). However, there is no systematic study on the causal relationship between various immune cell signatures and HTN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal role of immune cells in hypertension: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Zhang,

Li,

et al. 2024

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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BackgroundAlthough Hypertension (HTN) is considered to be a cardiovascular disease caused by multiple factors, the cause of it is still unknown. In this study, we aim to find out whether circulating immune cell characteristics have an impact on susceptibility to HTN.MethodsThis study employed a comprehensive two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal association between immune cell characteristics and HTN. Utilizing publicly accessible genetic data, we examined the causal relationship between HTN and the susceptibility to 731 immune cell signatures. To ensure the reliability and validity of the findings, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess heterogeneity, confirm the robustness of the results and evaluate the presence of horizontal pleiotropy.ResultsAfter FDR correction, immune phenotype had an effect on HTN. In our study, one immunophenotype was identified as being positively associated with HTN risk significance: HLA DR on CD33- HLA DR+. In addition, we examined 8 immune phenotype with no statistically significant effect of HTN, but it is worth mentioning that they had an unadjusted low P-value phenotype.ConclusionsOur MR study by genetic means demonstrated the close relationship between HTN and immune cells, thus providing guidance for future clinical prediction and subsequent treatment of HTN.

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Immune and inflammatory mechanisms in hypertension

Cited by 27 publications

References 279 publications

Hypertension: Causes and Consequences of Circadian Rhythms in Blood Pressure

Hypertension: Causes and Consequences of Circadian Rhythms in Blood Pressure

Exercise to Prevent Accelerated Vascular Aging in People Living With HIV

Causal role of immune cells in hypertension: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

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