Immobilized enzyme chemically modified electrode as an amperometric sensor

Ianniello, Robert M.; Yacynych, Alexander M.

doi:10.1021/ac00236a033

Cited by 160 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Moreover, they exist in a variety of forms as glassy carbon, carbon fibres, graphite pastes and carbon films (Gilmartin and Hart, 1995). Unfortunately, these electrodes require a high overpotential to detect H 2 O 2 (Iannello and Iacynych, 1981), further reducing the selectivity of the sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prussian Blue based screen printed biosensors with improved characteristics of long-term lifetime and pH stability

Ricci

Amine²,

Palleschi

et al. 2003

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

328

152

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The promising advantages of Prussian Blue (PB) as catalyst and of the thick film screen printing technology have been combined to assemble sensors with improved characteristics for the amperometric determination of H 2 O 2 . PB-modified screen printed electrodes were applied to detect H 2 O 2 at an applied potential of (/0.05 V versus the internal screen printed Ag pseudoreference electrode, showing a detection limit of 10 (7 mol l (1 , a linearity range from 10 (7 to 5 )/10 (5 mol l (1 , a sensitivity of 234 mA mmol l (1 cm (2 , and a high selectivity. Improved stability at alkaline pH values was also observed, which made possible their use with enzymes having an optimum basic pH. Then, the immobilisation of a single enzyme (glucose oxidase (GOD) or choline oxidase (ChOX)) or of two enzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AchE) coimmobilised with ChOX, has been performed on the surface of PB modified screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) using glutaraldehyde and Nafion † . ChOX has been selected as an example of enzyme working at alkaline pH. The choline biosensors showed a detection limit of 5 )/10 (7 mol l (1 , a wide linearity range (5 )/10 (7 Á/ 10 (4 mol l (1 ), a high selectivity and a remarkable long term stability of 9 months at 4 8C, and at least 4 weeks at room temperature. Similar analytical characteristics and stability were observed with the acetylcholine biosensors. #

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prussian Blue based screen printed biosensors with improved characteristics of long-term lifetime and pH stability

Ricci

Amine²,

Palleschi

et al. 2003

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

328

152

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Much research has been also done in the field of chemically modified electrodes (CMEs). Such chemical modifications involve the strong binding (via irreversible adsorption, polymer coating, or covalent bonding) of a chemical reagent to the surface of an electrode in order to give some particular characteristics [10][11][12][13] .…”

Section: Award Review Article 2008 Shikata International Medalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow-injection Electrochemical Biosensors with Multiple Functions

Yao

2009

Rev. Polarogr.

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As analytical reagents, enzymes offer two characteristics of paramount importance: high selectivity (and occasionally specificity) and the capability of self-regeneration via the catalytic cycle. The first of these properties is widely recognized and used; the second normally requires the use of immobilized enzymes. In addition, if the immobilized enzymes are used in the flow systems, handling is minimized and reproducibility is enhanced. On the other hand, electrochemical detection eliminates many of the difficulties encountered in photometric detection, such as the overlap of adsorbing species and turbidity. Therefore, highly selective flow-sensor systems for biochemical analysis are proposed by coupling immobilized enzymes with electrochemical sensors. In principle, they can be divided into two types. The first of these types is the enzyme electrode in which the immobilized enzyme is in direct contact with the electrochemical sensor. In the second type, the enzyme, immobilized on a solid support (enzyme reactor), is incorporated in the flow line into which the analyte is injected and the product generated is detected with an electrochemical sensor downstream.A general view of these applications and recent developments is given here with the hope of providing a practical perspective of the use of enzymes in the various flow-injection systems.

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“…For GOD, the optimum range for highest activity is about 5.4 -6.2 6,59,70 and at extremes of pH, the enzyme loses its activity. SECM manipulation makes it possible to change pH in a small region close to the enzyme electrode tip.…”

Section: Secm Induced Temporary Local Deactivation Of Immobilized Enzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabricating and Imaging Carbon-Fiber Immobilized Enzyme Ultramicroelectrodes with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

Tenent

Wipf

2001

ANAL. SCI.

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The scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) is used to image the activity of enzymes immobilized on the surfaces of disk-shaped carbon-fiber electrodes. SECM was used to map the concentration of enzymatically produced hydroquinone or hydrogen peroxide at the surface of a 33-µm diameter disk-shaped carbon-fiber electrode modified by an immobilized glucose-oxidase layer. Sub-monolayer coverage of the enzyme at the electrode surface could be detected with micrometer resolution. The SECM was also employed as a surface modification tool to produce microscopic regions of enzyme activity by using a variety of methods. One method is a gold-masking process in which microscopic gold patterns act as mask for producing patterns of chemical modification. The gold masks allow operation in both a positive or negative process for patterning enzyme activity. A second method uses the direct mode of the SECM to produce covalently attached amine groups on the carbon surface. The amine groups are anchors for attachment of glucose oxidase by use of a biotin/avidin process. The effect of non-uniform enzyme activity was investigated by using the SECM tip to temporarily damage an immobilized enzyme surface. SECM imaging can observe the spatial extent and time-course of the enzyme recovery process.

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Immobilized enzyme chemically modified electrode as an amperometric sensor

Cited by 160 publications

References 29 publications

Prussian Blue based screen printed biosensors with improved characteristics of long-term lifetime and pH stability

Prussian Blue based screen printed biosensors with improved characteristics of long-term lifetime and pH stability

Flow-injection Electrochemical Biosensors with Multiple Functions

Fabricating and Imaging Carbon-Fiber Immobilized Enzyme Ultramicroelectrodes with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

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