Immobilized Biocatalysts

Grünwald, Peter

doi:10.3390/catal8090386

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The use of immobilized enzymes for catalysing chemo-, regio- and/or stereoselective chemical reactions is a very useful and well-known technique [ 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 ]. In this sense, the use of chitosan for immobilizing enzymes, either as a carrier for covalent linking or as an encapsulation vehicle, is well reported [ 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 ].…”

Section: Chitosan In Biocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan: An Overview of Its Properties and Applications

et al. 2021

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Chitosan has garnered much interest due to its properties and possible applications. Every year the number of publications and patents based on this polymer increase. Chitosan exhibits poor solubility in neutral and basic media, limiting its use in such conditions. Another serious obstacle is directly related to its natural origin. Chitosan is not a single polymer with a defined structure but a family of molecules with differences in their composition, size, and monomer distribution. These properties have a fundamental effect on the biological and technological performance of the polymer. Moreover, some of the biological properties claimed are discrete. In this review, we discuss how chitosan chemistry can solve the problems related to its poor solubility and can boost the polymer properties. We focus on some of the main biological properties of chitosan and the relationship with the physicochemical properties of the polymer. Then, we review two polymer applications related to green processes: the use of chitosan in the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and its use as support for biocatalysts. Finally, we briefly describe how making use of the technological properties of chitosan makes it possible to develop a variety of systems for drug delivery.

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Section: Chitosan In Biocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan: An Overview of Its Properties and Applications

et al. 2021

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“…The use of immobilized enzymes for catalysing chemo-, regio-and/or stereoselective chemical reactions is a very useful and well-known technique [116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133]. In this sense, the employ of chitosan for immobilizing enzymes, either as a carrier for covalent linking or as an encapsulation vehicle is well reported [134][135][136][137][138][139][140].…”

Section: Chitosan In Biocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan: A Versatile Polymer for 21st Century

Aranaz¹,

Alcántara²,

Civera³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Chitosan arouses large interest due to its properties and possible applications. Every year the number of publications and patents based on this polymer increases. Chitosan exhibits poor solubility in neutral and basic media limiting its use in such conditions. Another serious obstacle is directly related to its natural origin. Chitosan is not a single polymer with a defined structure but a family of molecules with differences in their composition, size, and monomer distribution. These properties have a fundamental effect on the biological and technological performance of the polymer. Moreover, some of the biological properties claimed are discrete. In this review, we discuss how chitosan chemistry can solve the problems related to its poor solubility and can boost the polymer properties. We focus on some of the main biological properties of chitosan and the relationship with the physicochemical properties of the polymer. Then, we visit two polymer applications related to green processes: the use of chitosan in the green synthesis of metallic na-noparticles and its use as support in biocatalyst. Finally, we briefly describe how making use of the technological properties of chitosan it is possible to develop a variety of systems for drug delivery

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“…Enzyme immobilization, that was initialized as a way to solve the problem of enzyme solubility, is also an extremely useful methodology for modulating enzymatic features such as activity, selectivity, stability, etc. [9,32,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]. As lipases are one of the most (if not the most) frequently used biocatalysts [71][72][73][74][75][76], it is not surprising to find a plethora of immobilization protocols described for these enzymes [77][78][79][80][81][82].…”

Section: Enzymatic Biocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

One Pot Use of Combilipases for Full Modification of Oils and Fats: Multifunctional and Heterogeneous Substrates

et al. 2020

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Lipases are among the most utilized enzymes in biocatalysis. In many instances, the main reason for their use is their high specificity or selectivity. However, when full modification of a multifunctional and heterogeneous substrate is pursued, enzyme selectivity and specificity become a problem. This is the case of hydrolysis of oils and fats to produce free fatty acids or their alcoholysis to produce biodiesel, which can be considered cascade reactions. In these cases, to the original heterogeneity of the substrate, the presence of intermediate products, such as diglycerides or monoglycerides, can be an additional drawback. Using these heterogeneous substrates, enzyme specificity can promote that some substrates (initial substrates or intermediate products) may not be recognized as such (in the worst case scenario they may be acting as inhibitors) by the enzyme, causing yields and reaction rates to drop. To solve this situation, a mixture of lipases with different specificity, selectivity and differently affected by the reaction conditions can offer much better results than the use of a single lipase exhibiting a very high initial activity or even the best global reaction course. This mixture of lipases from different sources has been called “combilipases” and is becoming increasingly popular. They include the use of liquid lipase formulations or immobilized lipases. In some instances, the lipases have been coimmobilized. Some discussion is offered regarding the problems that this coimmobilization may give rise to, and some strategies to solve some of these problems are proposed. The use of combilipases in the future may be extended to other processes and enzymes.

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Immobilized Biocatalysts

Abstract: An application-related definition for immobilized enzymes was given by Chibata in 1978 […]

Cited by 18 publications

References 50 publications

Chitosan: An Overview of Its Properties and Applications

Chitosan: An Overview of Its Properties and Applications

Chitosan: A Versatile Polymer for 21st Century

One Pot Use of Combilipases for Full Modification of Oils and Fats: Multifunctional and Heterogeneous Substrates

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