Immobilization Techniques

Activation and Deactivation of a Robust Immobilized Cp*Ir-Transfer Hydrogenation Catalyst: A Multielement in Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study

“…A fast deactivation and a slow deactivation are required to achieve a good fit with experimental data. Kinetics of immobilized catalysts is often further complicated by limited mass transfer and physical/chemical changes to the support, which are difficult to quantify . However, initial deactivation of catalytic centers on the surface of the polymer support should have a much more pronounced effect on the observed catalytic activity than deactivation of catalytic centers deep inside the support matrix.…”

“…Kinetics of immobilized catalysts is often further complicated by limited mass transfer and physical/ chemical changes to the support, which are difficult to quantify. 24 However, initial deactivation of catalytic centers on the surface of the polymer support should have a much more pronounced effect on the observed catalytic activity than deactivation of catalytic centers deep inside the support matrix. While acceleration effect of X-ray radiation on chemical reaction due to local heating effect is known, 25 the similar time scales of the changes in the structure of the catalyst and catalytic activity were reassuring.…”

Immobilization of an Iridium(I)-NHC-Phosphine Catalyst for Hydrogenation Reactions under Batch and Flow Conditions

“…This is mostly due to the fact that separation of the catalysts from the products poses obvious difficulties in the case of soluble catalysts. For this reason, there has been a renewal of activity in the research of recyclable and robust heterogenized catalysts [8].…”