Immobilization Stress Induces BDNF in Rat Submandibular Glands

Tsukinoki, Keiichi; Saruta, Juri; Sasaguri, Kenichi; Miyoshi, Yoshiko; Jinbu, Yoshinori; Kusama, Mikio; Sato, Sadao; Watanabe, Yuichiro

doi:10.1177/154405910608500913

Cited by 45 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Tsukinoki et al (2006) found that the expression of BDNF in the rat submandibular gland is modulated by conditions of acute stress or non-stress. It has been reported that the NGF level is also altered by acute stress in this gland (Aloe et al 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Oligonucleotide primers designed to amplify rat BDNF were specific for the coding region of exon 5. BDNF-specific primers were 5 0 -CAGGGGCATAGACAAAAG-3 0 (forward) and 5 0 -CTTCCCCTTTTAATGGTC-3 0 (reverse; BDNF PCR product: 167 bp; Tsukinoki et al 2006Tsukinoki et al ,2007Lee et al 2008) as designed and synthesized by Nippon Gene Laboratory. Real-time PCR for amplification of the rat b-actin housekeeping gene was performed using a LightCycler Primer/Probe set, 5 0 -CCTGTATGCCTCTGGTCGTA-3 0 (forward) and 5 0 -CCATCTCTTGCTCGAAGTCT-3 0 (reverse; b-actin PCR product: 260 bp), following the manufacturer's instructions (Nihon Gene Research Labs Inc., Sendai, Japan).…”

Section: Real-time Pcr Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic stress affects the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rat salivary glands

Saruta

Lee

Shirasu

et al. 2010

Stress

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Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels are associated with several neural disorders. Previously, we reported that BDNF is produced from salivary glands under acute immobilization stress. Additionally, salivary glands are the origin of plasma BDNF during stress; however, the association between the expression of BDNF by the salivary glands under chronic stress conditions is not known. In the present study, we investigated whether plasma BDNF levels in chronic stress depend on the salivary glands. Expression of BDNF mRNA and protein were identified in the submandibular glands when male rats were exposed to chronic restraint stress (12 h daily for 22 days). Chronic stress significantly increased plasma BDNF concentration, as well as adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone levels, but was not altered under chronic stress in bilaterally sialoadenectomized rats. Since chronic stress increases plasma BDNF levels in the sialoadenectomized rat model, the plasma BDNF level was not dependent on BDNF from the salivary glands. Although the salivary glands were the source of plasma BDNF in acute stress conditions in our previous study, it seems that that the increased BDNF expression in the salivary glands in chronic stress does not contribute importantly to the increased circulating BDNF level. The increased plasma BDNF levels may play important roles in homeostasis under stress conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Real-time Pcr Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic stress affects the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rat salivary glands

Saruta

Lee

Shirasu

et al. 2010

Stress

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“…Rat salivary glands have been shown to increase their expression of BDNF under acute stress conditions 22. Furthermore, BDNF plasma levels are increased by acute immobilization stress with the submandibular glands contributing to this 23.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Stress Induces Neurotrophin-3 in Rat Submandibular Gland

et al. 2012

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PurposePlasma neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) levels are associated with several neural disorders. We previously reported that neurotrophins were released from salivary glands following acute immobilization stress. While the salivary glands were the source of plasma neurotrophins in that situation, the association between the expression of neurotrophins and the salivary gland under chronic stress conditions is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated whether NT-3 levels in the salivary gland and plasma were influenced by chronic stress.Materials and MethodsExpressions of NT-3 mRNA and protein were characterized, using real-time polymerase chain reactions, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry, in the submandibular glands of male rats exposed to chronic stress (12 h daily for 22 days).ResultsPlasma NT-3 levels were significantly increased by chronic stress (p<0.05), and remained elevated in bilaterally sialoadenectomized rats under the same condition. Since chronic stress increases plasma NT-3 levels in the sialoadenectomized rat model, plasma NT-3 levels were not exclusively dependent on salivary glands.ConclusionWhile the salivary gland was identified in our previous study as the source of plasma neurotrophins during acute stress, the exposure to long-term stress likely affects a variety of organs capable of releasing NT-3 into the bloodstream. In addition, the elevation of plasma NT-3 levels may play important roles in homeostasis under stress conditions.

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“…Irie et al, 2011 reported a significant increase in BDNF expression levels in rat SMG after exposure to occlusal disharmonyinduced chronic stress for 8 weeks. Not only the chronic stress, but also the acute stress resulted in an increase in the salivary glands expression of BDNF (Tsukinoki et al 2006 andSaruta et al, 2014). It seems that changes in BDNF levels induced by stress are tissue specific, as reported by Saruta et al (2010).…”

Section: The Parotid Glandmentioning

confidence: 70%

Can Ocimum Basilicum (Basil) Relief the Impact of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress on the Mice Salivary Glands?

Ayoub

Ali

Wahab

2018

AJTCAM

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Background: Salivary glands are affected in acute and chronic stressful conditions. Ocimum basilicum (OB), basil, possesses anxiolytic and antidepressant like effect so this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on the structure of salivary glands of mice and the efficacy of OB in relieving this effect. Material and Methods: Forty male mice were distributed equally into four groups; the control, CUMS (exposed to the CUMS for 4 weeks), CUMS+Fluoxetine (treated with Fluoxetine after exposure to CUMS), CUMS+OB (treated with OB after exposure to CUMS). Treatments continued for 2 weeks. Behavioral changes and serum corticosterone level were assessed at the end of the experiment. Submandibular and parotid glands were histopathologically examined and stained with anti-alpha smooth muscle actin (ASMA) and anti-brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) antibodies. Results: A depressive behavior was observed in mice exposed to the CUMS. Serum corticosterone level significantly increased in these mice compared to the control (130.9±8.8 versus 21.03±2.1, p<0.001). Structural affection of salivary acinar and myoepithelial cells of stressed mice was evident. BDNF expression in the salivary ductal system significantly (p<0.001) increased in the stressed mice and treatment with FLU or OB significantly increased it more (p=0.03, p=0.04) when compared to the untreated mice. Conclusion: Ocimum basilicum improved chronic stress-induced depressive status and structural changes in the salivary glands. This effect might be mediated through up-regulating salivary BDNF secretion by the glands so it is the time to test OB effectiveness in relieving stress-associated salivary changes on human being.

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Immobilization Stress Induces BDNF in Rat Submandibular Glands

Cited by 45 publications

References 24 publications

Chronic stress affects the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rat salivary glands

Chronic stress affects the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rat salivary glands

Chronic Stress Induces Neurotrophin-3 in Rat Submandibular Gland

Can Ocimum Basilicum (Basil) Relief the Impact of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress on the Mice Salivary Glands?

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