Immobilization of Sulfur from Different Precursors on Mini Rice-Husk-Ash Pellet Coated Chitosan Film and the Application for Mercury Vapor Uptake

Abstract

Stabilizing elemental mercury using elemental sulfur has been a laboratory standard method but the studies in gas system are still growing. This study aims to explore the effect of different type immobilized sulfurs toward the mercury vapor uptake in a mini gas reactor. Sulfur powder, sulfur dissolved in carbon disulfide and colloidal sulfur from sodium thiosulfate-hydrochloric acid were immobilized on mini rice-husk-ash pellets that were previously coated with chitosan film. The average thinness of chitosan film was 58 µm covered the each pellet surface with dimension of 3 mm Ø x 4 mm. The trends of the mercury uptake and the rate of absorption were described as follow; Pellet-Scolloid > Pellet-SCS2 > Pellet-Spowder. The mean percentages of mercury uptake after 1 h running at 70oC were 99.36; 89.09 and 75.00 respectively. The reverse trends were observed for the size of S-particle aggregation and the amount of S found on the pellet surface.

Immobilization of Silver Nanoparticles on Chitosan-Coated Silica-Gel-Beads and the Antibacterial Activity

“…Silica gel was coated three times to strengthen the chitosan layers, on which silver ions were absorbed and reduced into Ag 0 by photo-irradiation to prepare the immobilized Ag 0 . According to many studies, chitosan, as polycation with many -OH and -NH2 groups, can interact with silver ion and silver nanoparticles and stabilize and disperse the Ag particles [13,18,19,[21][22][23]. Our previous study has also proven that photo-irradiation of chi-Ag 0 can be formed [24].…”

“…Chitosan is a natural polymer consisting of glucosamine units derived from deacetylated chitin, which is abundantly from crustacean shells. Chitosan is a weak poly base compound that absorbs metal ions [8] and others with interesting characteristics such as good adhesion properties, biocompatibility, and good film-forming ability [9][10][11][12]; therefore, chitosan has been used in broad applications [13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Synthesis and application of sulfur nanoparticles

“…Colloidal SNPs synthesised using the acid-catalysed reaction of thiosulfate revealed a higher uptake of mercury (Hg) than elemental sulfur (Adlim et al, 2018). Immobilisation of SNPs on mini rice-husk-ash (RHA) pellet coated chitosan film resulted in a higher retention of mercury vapour up to 99.36% with a mercury uptake rate of 2.195 (+1.1) ppm Hg per gram SNPs per minute (Table 14.3).…”