Immobilization of Rocky Mountain Elk with Telazol<sup>®</sup> and Xylazine Hydrochloride, and Antagonism by Yohimbine Hydrochloride

Millspaugh, Joshua J.; Brundige, Gary C.; Jenks, Jonathan A.; Tyner, C. L.; Hustead, David R.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-31.2.259

Cited by 33 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It has been suggested that Telazol and xylazine HCl have wide safety margins (Kreeger et al, 1986;Millspaugh et al, 1995;Murray et al, 2000), which is substantiated by our data. Two elk receiving 1,000 mg Telazol and 600 mg xylazine HCl were successfully immobilized with no apparent side effects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Immobilization of free-ranging elk with Telazol and xylazine HCl was successful, but 1.0-3.0 mg/kg xylazine HCl (based on a 200 kg elk) was required compared with 0.35 mg/kg used by Millspaugh et al (1995). It has been suggested that Telazol and xylazine HCl have wide safety margins (Kreeger et al, 1986;Millspaugh et al, 1995;Murray et al, 2000), which is substantiated by our data.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…In Arkansas, the first elk was initially immobilized with a mixture of 500 mg/ml Telazol reconstituted with 3 ml of 20 mg/ml xylazine HCl (Sedazine , Fort Dodge Laboratories, Inc., Fort Dodge, Iowa, USA) as recommended in Millspaugh (1995). Subsequent elk were initially immobilized with 500 mg/ml Telazol reconstituted with 3 ml of 100 mg/ml xylazine HCl loaded into a 3.0-cc, double-barbed, transmitter-equipped dart (Herner-Thogmartin, 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Telazol (1:1 tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride; Fort Dodge Laboratories, Inc., Fort Dodge, Iowa, USA) is a cyclohexamine anesthetic similar to ketamine HCl but more potent (Short et al, 1989). Although ketamine HCl/Tel-azol combined with xylazine HCl has resulted in a long recovery period in ungulates after a reversal agent is given, Telazol and xylazine HCl have been safe and effective for immobilizing trapped Rocky Mountain elk, wild pigs (Sus scrofa), and free-ranging white-tailed deer with no mortality (Millspaugh et al, 1995;Gabor et al, 1997;Kilpatrick and Spohr, 1999). Only one study has reported on remote ground capture of free-ranging elk using Telazol and xylazine HCl, but details on capture protocols were limited (Read et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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EFFICACY OF IMMOBILIZING FREE-RANGING ELK WITH TELAZOL^® AND XYLAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE USING TRANSMITTER-EQUIPPED DARTS

Walter

Leslie

Herner-Thogmartin

et al. 2005

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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From January 1999 to April 2002, 14 free-ranging elk were darted with a mixture of Telazol reconstituted with xylazine hydrochloride (HCl) in a forested habitat in southwestern Oklahoma and north-central Arkansas. Elk were darted from ground blinds, tree stands, or a vehicle at distances of 14-46 m and were recovered 37-274 m from the dart site. Elk were located using radiotelemetry with 3-cc disposable Pneu-dart transmitter darts. MeanϮSD dose of Telazol and xylazine HCl was 590Ϯ192 mg/ml and 276Ϯ153 mg/ml, respectively, and mean time to standing after injection of reversal agent was 27 min (range: 1-65 min). The combination of Telazol and xylazine HCl successfully immobilized free-ranging elk, and transmitter-equipped darts permitted successful location of sedated elk by two people in areas of dense forest cover. The dose required to sedate elk appeared to vary depending on physiology and behavior, but no drug-induced mortality occurred despite the wide variance in the doses administered. We recommend 500 mg Telazol reconstituted with 300 mg xylazine HCl as an initial dose for a Ն200 kg elk. If needed to achieve full sedation, up to 3 additional ml of the mixture may be administered without adverse effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

EFFICACY OF IMMOBILIZING FREE-RANGING ELK WITH TELAZOL^® AND XYLAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE USING TRANSMITTER-EQUIPPED DARTS

Walter

Leslie

Herner-Thogmartin

et al. 2005

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…The combination of Telazol /xylazine (T/X) has been very effective and safe in field conditions (Kilpatrick and Spohr, 1999;Murray et al, 2000). However, this combination may require an extended recovery time for animals (Millspaugh et al, 1995;Nielsen, 1999). A long recovery may lead to increased mortality from predation, adverse environmental conditions, or intraspecific fighting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Carfentanil/Xylazine and Telazol®/Xylazine for Immobilization of White-Tailed Deer

Miller

Muller

Storms

et al. 2003

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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From October 2001 to January 2002, captive free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were immobilized with a combination of carfentanil citrate and xylazine hydrochloride. From this study, we selected a dose of carfentanil/xylazine for the purpose of comparing immobilization parameters and physiologic effects with those of a combination of tiletamine and zolazepam (Telazol ) and xylazine. Animals were initially given intramuscular injections of 10 mg xylazine and one of four doses of carfentanil (i.e., 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg). A carfentanil dose of 1.2 mg (xϮSDϭ23.5Ϯ3.2 g/kg) and 10 mg xylazine (0.2Ϯ0.03 mg/kg) were selected, based on induction times and previously published reports, to compare with a combination of 230 mg of Telazol (4.5Ϯ0.6 mg/kg) and 120 mg xylazine (2.3Ϯ0.3 mg/kg). Time to first observable drug effects and to induction were significantly longer for deer treated with carfentanil/xylazine than with Telazol /xylazine (PϽ0.01). Hyperthermia was common in deer immobilized with carfentanil/xylazine, but heart rate, respiration rate, and hemoglobin saturation were within acceptable levels. Degree of anesthesia of deer immobilized with Telazol /xylazine was superior to deer immobilized with carfentanil/xylazine. The combination of 120 mg of naltrexone hydrochloride and 6.5 mg of yohimbine hydrochloride provided rapid and complete reversal (1.9Ϯ1.1 min) of carfentanil/xylazine immobilization. Animals immobilized with Telazol /xylazine had long recovery times with occasional resedation after antagonism with 6.5 mg of yohimbine. The combination of carfentanil and xylazine at the doses tested did not provide reliable induction or immobilization of white-tailed deer even though drug reversal was rapid and safe using naltrexone and yohimbine.

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Deer (Cervids)

West

BSc

Caulkett

2007

Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia

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Immobilization of Rocky Mountain Elk with Telazol^® and Xylazine Hydrochloride, and Antagonism by Yohimbine Hydrochloride

Cited by 33 publications

References 8 publications

EFFICACY OF IMMOBILIZING FREE-RANGING ELK WITH TELAZOL^® AND XYLAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE USING TRANSMITTER-EQUIPPED DARTS

EFFICACY OF IMMOBILIZING FREE-RANGING ELK WITH TELAZOL^® AND XYLAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE USING TRANSMITTER-EQUIPPED DARTS

A Comparison of Carfentanil/Xylazine and Telazol®/Xylazine for Immobilization of White-Tailed Deer

Deer (Cervids)

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Immobilization of Rocky Mountain Elk with Telazol® and Xylazine Hydrochloride, and Antagonism by Yohimbine Hydrochloride

Cited by 33 publications

References 8 publications

EFFICACY OF IMMOBILIZING FREE-RANGING ELK WITH TELAZOL® AND XYLAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE USING TRANSMITTER-EQUIPPED DARTS

EFFICACY OF IMMOBILIZING FREE-RANGING ELK WITH TELAZOL® AND XYLAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE USING TRANSMITTER-EQUIPPED DARTS

A Comparison of Carfentanil/Xylazine and Telazol®/Xylazine for Immobilization of White-Tailed Deer

Deer (Cervids)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Immobilization of Rocky Mountain Elk with Telazol^® and Xylazine Hydrochloride, and Antagonism by Yohimbine Hydrochloride

EFFICACY OF IMMOBILIZING FREE-RANGING ELK WITH TELAZOL^® AND XYLAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE USING TRANSMITTER-EQUIPPED DARTS

EFFICACY OF IMMOBILIZING FREE-RANGING ELK WITH TELAZOL^® AND XYLAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE USING TRANSMITTER-EQUIPPED DARTS