Immobilization of high-level nuclear reactor wastes in SYNROC: A current appraisal

Ringwood, A. E.; Oversby, V.M.; Kesson, S. E.; Sinclair, William John; Ware, N. G.; Hibberson, W.

doi:10.1016/0191-815x(81)90055-3

Cited by 147 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It is proposed that perovskite in SYNROC will incorporate trivalent rare-earth elements and tetravalent actinide elements (Ringwood et aL, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Twin boundaries in perovskite

White¹,

Segall²,

Barry³

et al. 1985

Acta Crystallogr Sect B

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The twin behaviour of natural and synthetic perovskite (CaTiO3) was examined by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAD). Pseudosymmetric twinning yields domains related to each other by either a 180 ° or a 90 ° rotation about an axis perpendicular to { 101}. A third type of twin involving a 180 ° rotation about the normal to ( 121 ) had previously been reported but this was not observed in the present study. The boundaries between twin domains were often complex and consisted of intergrowths on the finest possible scale of the various composition planes. It was confirmed that the most common composition planes were {101}; however, interface surfaces on {010} and {121} were also observed. For the simpler twin boundaries structural models were proposed and described using the Glazer notation.

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“…It is proposed that perovskite in SYNROC will incorporate trivalent rare-earth elements and tetravalent actinide elements (Ringwood et aL, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present transmission-electron-microscope investigation was initiated as part of a study of SYNROC, a titanate phase assemblage designed to immobilize high-level nuclear waste (Ringwood et al, 1981). Perovskite is a major constituent of this waste form.…”

Section: ½ 0 -½ A3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Twin boundaries in perovskite

White¹,

Segall²,

Barry³

et al. 1985

Acta Crystallogr Sect B

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“…It can accommodate up to 20% loading of high-level waste [11]. Synroc shows good radiation tolerance, and its resistance to leaching has been shown to be far superior to that of glass in laboratory experiments [6]. Other ceramic phases proposed for actinide immobilization include fluorite-structured ceramics, pyrochlores, muratite, garnet-structured ferrites, zircon, apatite, sphene, pollucite, monazite and xenotime [3,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grains of radioactive phases can be also embedded in a ceramic matrix [8]. Polyphase ceramics [6], such as Synroc and Supercalcine, are equivalent to a synthetic rock made of multiple ceramic phases. For O 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, glass has the disadvantages that the waste loading has to be small; devitrification is possible; glass tends to crack easily; and glass is not chemically durable in that it tends to degrade and release radionuclides over the long term [3]. As an alternative to borosilicate glass, radiation-tolerant ceramics tailored for specific waste streams and high waste loading have been the subjects of active research for nearly six decades [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges in Modeling the Degradation of Ceramic Waste Forms

Devanathan¹,

Gao²,

X³

2011

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We identify the state of the art, gaps in current understanding, and key research needs in the area of modeling the long-term degradation of ceramic waste forms for nuclear waste disposition. The directed purpose of this report is to define a roadmap for Waste IPSC needs to extend capabilities of waste degradation to ceramic waste forms, which overlaps with the needs of the subcontinuum scale of FMM (fundamental methods and method) interests. The key knowledge gaps are in the areas of i) methodology for developing reliable interatomic potentials to model the complex atomic-level interactions in waste forms; ii) characterization of water interactions at ceramic surfaces and interfaces; and iii) extension of atomic-level insights to the long time and distance scales relevant to the problem of actinide and fission product immobilization.

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