Immobilization of heavy metals in polluted soils by the addition of zeolitic material synthesized from coal fly ash

Thermodynamic Study of the Synthesis of Zeolites from Coal Ash and Its Use as Sorbents for Heavy Metals

“…Several authors suggest that changes in synthesis temperatures lead to different zeolitic phases. The differences among sorption capacities of the various zeolites synthesized may be credited to the different zeolitic phases present in the products of the hydrothermal synthesis [25,[31][32]. An increase in the reaction time tends to promote a better crystallization of the phases formed, which it might also explain the increase in the of sorption capacity [33].…”

Multi-Technique Application for Waste Material Detection and Soil Remediation Strategies: The Red Mud Dust and Fly Ash Case Studies

“…Precipitation of heavy metals results from the presence of calcium hydroxide, while adsorption may be due to the presence of silica and alumina available in fly ash. Synthetic zeolite can be added to polluted soils (Querol et al, 2006;Lin et al, 1998;Rayalu et al, 2006) or crystallized directly in those contaminated (Belviso et al 2010b;2010c;Terzano et al, 2006) in order to solve environmental problems. Zeolites are hydrated aluminosilicate minerals with a three-dimensional open structure making them very useful for solving the mobility of toxic elements in a number of environmental applications (Babel and Kurniawan, 2003;Ćurković et al, 1997;de'Gennaro et al, 2003;Inglezakis et al, 2002Inglezakis et al, , 2003Kesraoui-Ouki et al, 1994;Kocaoba et al, 2007;Moreno et al, 2001aMoreno et al, , 2001bOuki and Kavannagh, 1999;Pansini & Colella, 1990;Querol et al, 1999Querol et al, , 2002Rayalu et al, 2006;Stefanović et al, 2007;Torracca et al, 1998;Woolard et al, 2000;Wu et al, 2008).…”

Remediation of Soil Contamination with Heavy Metals by Using Zeolite and Humic Acid Additives

“…Zeolites are being developed as an improvement of soil quality -they diminish the solubility and thus the biological availability of metals: salts, complexes, as well as oxides and metal-carbonate precipitates are formed with zeolites [12,13]. Soil organic matter has been of particular interest due to its ability to form stable complexes with metal ions [14,15].…”