Immobilization of drugs and biomolecules on in situ copolymerized active ester polypyrrole coatings for biomedical applications

Abstract

Among the plethora of polymers being exploited and employed currently for biomedical applications, polypyrrole as a conducting polymer holds a key position since it offers several advantages including good specific conductivity, chemical stability, polymerizability and compatibility with mammalian cells; however, it also suffers from a few limitations that restrict it from being an obvious winner as a coating material. In order to overcome these limitations, pyrrole derivatives have been tried as potential alternatives. These synthesized derivatives facilitate the immobilization/coupling of biomolecules and drugs on to the surface so as to improve the biocompatibility and performance of implantable medical devices. In this work, N-succinimidyl ester pyrrole (PyNSE) has been synthesized and characterized. A synthesized monomer was copolymerized with pyrrole (Py) in different ratios to obtain smooth and adherent copolymer coatings on the metal surface. Results suggest that among the different coatings obtained, pure active ester functionalized polypyrrole (PPyNSE) coating is smoother and more adherent than its different copolymers with pyrrole. The activity of the coating was tested by attaching BSA and a model drug (p-nitroaniline) on the surface which indicated that the concentration of these molecules on the surface can be varied by varying the concentration of monomers, i.e. Py and PyNSE, during electropolymerization. These active coatings may serve as a potential platform for attaching drugs and biomolecules for various biomedical applications.

Neuroactive conducting scaffolds: nerve growth factor conjugation on active ester-functionalized polypyrrole

“…The IR spectra of (3) showed peaks of the succinimidyl ester groups and pyrrolidinone groups at 1740, 1782 and 1814 cm K1 . The results were in good agreement with the published literature (Azioune et al 2004;Bousalem et al 2004;Khan et al 2006).…”

“…A copolymer of N-succinimidyl ester pyrrole can be used to simply immobilize biomolecules so that aminebearing compounds could be directly conjugated onto the PPy surface in physiological conditions without an additional activation step. PPy-NSE polymers and copolymers were reported to bind human serum albumin, BSA and drug molecules (Azioune et al 2004;Bousalem et al 2004;Khan et al 2006).…”

PPy-coated PET fabrics and electric pulse-stimulated fibroblasts

“…PPy, a biocompatible conductive polymer, can be easily synthesised and modied chemically by means of various pyrrole derivatives. 31 PET fabric, on the other hand, is widely used in medical implants, such as vascular prostheses, because of its mechanical strength, porous structure, easy manipulation, and superior biostability.…”

A Review on Biomedical Titanium Alloys: Recent Progress and Prospect

“…Based on the above consideration, metals and alloys have been used as load‐bearing implants for a long period . Until now, 316L stainless steel, Co–Cr‐based alloys, Ti, and its alloys are most employed as metallic implant materials . The use of stainless steels as implants began in the 1920s .…”