Immobilization of Copper, Lead, and Tungsten in Mixed Munitions Firing Range–Contaminated Soils by Various Amendments

Karachalios, Antonis; Wazne, Mahmoud; Betancur, Juan Nicolas; Christodoulatos, Christos; Braida, Washington; O’Connor, Gregory

doi:10.1061/(asce)hz.1944-8376.0000074

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although W is present in the soil in traces, its concentration can be very high locally due to anthropogenic activities, such as active and abandoned mining sites [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. The use in agriculture of phosphate fertilizers that may contain W up to 100 mg kg −1 [ 5 ] and the replacement of lead with W in military applications and war practices, e.g., in projectiles, as an environmentally “benign” alternative, have increased surface soil W concentration [ 6 , 7 ] and the potential exposure of humans to W [ 8 ]. Post-consumer discharges also contribute to the flow of W in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tungsten Toxicity in Plants

Adamakis

Panteris

Eleftheriou

2012

Plants

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Tungsten (W) is a rare heavy metal, widely used in a range of industrial, military and household applications due to its unique physical properties. These activities inevitably have accounted for local W accumulation at high concentrations, raising concerns about its effects for living organisms. In plants, W has primarily been used as an inhibitor of the molybdoenzymes, since it antagonizes molybdenum (Mo) for the Mo-cofactor (MoCo) of these enzymes. However, recent advances indicate that, beyond Mo-enzyme inhibition, W has toxic attributes similar with those of other heavy metals. These include hindering of seedling growth, reduction of root and shoot biomass, ultrastructural malformations of cell components, aberration of cell cycle, disruption of the cytoskeleton and deregulation of gene expression related with programmed cell death (PCD). In this article, the recent available information on W toxicity in plants and plant cells is reviewed, and the knowledge gaps and the most pertinent research directions are outlined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tungsten Toxicity in Plants

Adamakis

Panteris

Eleftheriou

2012

Plants

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“…Soil amendments, such as granulated ferric oxide (GFO), granulated titanium dioxide (GTD), Pahokee peat soil (PPS), Gascoyne leonardite soil (GLS), Elliot silty loam soil (ESLS), calcium phosphate monobasic (CPM), and apatite, were used for the simultaneous stabilisation of Cu, Pb, and tungsten (W) in eight representative contaminated firing range soils in the United States. GFO was the most effective at simultaneously stabilising Cu, Pb and W during the batch leaching tests (Karachalios et al 2011). The results of this study are promising but the best amendment did not immobilise Sb simultaneously.…”

Section: Immobilisationmentioning

confidence: 72%

Remediation of inorganic and organic contaminants in military ranges

Fayiga¹

2019

Environ. Chem.

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Environmental contextContaminants occur in the soil and water associated with military ranges. This review article describes how the extent of contamination depends not only on the type of military range and its period of activity, but also on the chemistry of both the soil and the contaminant. A full understanding of the soil chemistry is necessary to develop effective remediation methods for the restoration of these impacted environments. AbstractThis review discusses the contaminants associated with military ranges and the approaches taken to remediate these sites. The type and extent of contamination depends on the type of range, period of activity, soil chemistry and contaminant chemistry. Small arms firing ranges typically have high concentrations of metals and metalloids whereas military ranges typically have high concentrations of perchlorates, white phosphorus, explosives and propellants. For explosives, higher concentrations are found in sites that have undergone a low order detonation than in sites with a high order detonation. Remediation technologies for small arms firing ranges include leaching and immobilisation whereas for military ranges, methods such as alkaline hydrolysis, photolysis, bioremediation and phytoremediation have been tested. A lot of work has been done to immobilise metals/metalloids using soil amendments, which show a high effectiveness in stabilising them. Some of these amendments, however, also mobilise other co-contaminants. More studies are needed to simultaneously immobilise all inorganic contaminants. Explosives can be transformed into simpler non-toxic forms by photolysis, bioremediation or phytodegradation. The introduction of bacteria transgenes into plants has been used to enhance uptake and degradation of explosives in transgenic plants. Adoption of appropriate remediation technologies in impacted military ranges will reduce contaminant levels and protect public health.

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“…Since W displays some unique physical and chemical properties (high density, high melting point, high conductivity, hardness, resistance to oxygen, acids and alkalis), it is suitable for a broad spectrum of household, industrial, scientific and military applications [4,5]. Moreover, the use of some phosphate fertilizers that may contain W in agriculture [8] and the introduction of W in military and war practices as an alternative to lead and depleted uranium [9,10] have increased W concentrations in surface soil and human accessibility [11], raising concerns about its potential adverse public health effects [5,7,12]. Extensive medical research has produced voluminous information concluding that W may cause serious health effects to humans and animals, especially provoked after the observed childhood leukemia cluster since the late 1990s in some areas of the USA neighboring W factories or military facilities [13,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Evidence of Programmed Cell Death Induction by Tungsten in Root Tip Cells of Pisum sativum

Adamakis

Eleftheriou

2019

Plants

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Previous studies have shown that excess tungsten (W), a rare heavy metal, is toxic to plant cells and may induce a kind of programmed cell death (PCD). In the present study we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to investigate the subcellular malformations caused by W, supplied as 200 mg/L sodium tungstate (Na2WO4) for 12 or 24 h, in root tip cells of Pisum sativum (pea), The objective was to provide additional evidence in support of the notion of PCD induction and the presumed involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is shown ultrastructurally that W inhibited seedling growth, deranged root tip morphology, induced the collapse and deformation of vacuoles, degraded Golgi bodies, increased the incidence of multivesicular and multilamellar bodies, and caused the detachment of the plasma membrane from the cell walls. Plastids and mitochondria were also affected. By TEM, the endoplasmic reticulum appeared in aggregations of straight, curved or concentric cisternae, frequently enclosing cytoplasmic organelles, while by CLSM it appeared in bright ring-like aggregations and was severely disrupted in mitotic cells. However, no evidence of ROS increase was obtained. Overall, these findings support the view of a W-induced vacuolar destructive PCD without ROS enhancement.

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Immobilization of Copper, Lead, and Tungsten in Mixed Munitions Firing Range–Contaminated Soils by Various Amendments

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Tungsten Toxicity in Plants

Tungsten Toxicity in Plants

Remediation of inorganic and organic contaminants in military ranges

Structural Evidence of Programmed Cell Death Induction by Tungsten in Root Tip Cells of Pisum sativum

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