Immobilization of Biomolecules on Poly(vinyldimethylazlactone)-Containing Surface Scaffolds

Abstract

We describe the successful development of a procedure for the step-by-step formation of a reactive, multilayer polymer scaffold incorporating polymers based on 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone (VDMA) on a silicon wafer and the characterization of these materials. Also discussed is the development of a procedure for the nonsite specific attachment of a biomolecule to a modified silicon wafer, including scaffolds modified via drop-on-demand (DOD) inkjet printing. VDMA-based polymers were used because of their hydrolytic stability and ability of the pendant azlactone rings to form stable covalent bonds with primary amines without byproducts via nucleophilic addition. This reaction proceeds without a catalyst and at room temperature, yielding a stable amide linkage, which adds to the ease of construction expected when using VDMA-based polymers. DOD inkjet printing was explored as an interesting method for creating surfaces with one or more patterns of biomolecules because of the flexibility and ease of pattern design.

Combinatorial approaches in post-polymerization modification for rational development of therapeutic delivery systems

“…[54] By utilizing the reactivity of PVDMA, Kilbey and coworkers created surface scaffolds for immobilization of biomolecules, manipulated the solution/interface properties, and constructed reactive polymer brushes based on reactive PVDMA homopolymers and dually reactive block copolymers. [55–59] A comprehensive review of azlactone-functionalized polymers as reactive platforms for the design of advanced materials was published in 2012 by Lynn and coworkers. [60]…”

Enhanced adsorption of arsenate onto a natural polymer-based sorbent by surface atom transfer radical polymerization

“…6 shows the FTIR spectra of the CTS-MG before and after arsenic adsorption. For the pristine adsorbent, the peaks at 1642 and 1726 cm À1 represent the amide C@O stretching vibrations in -NHCO-and ester C@O stretching vibrations in carbonyl groups, respectively [38,39]. The peaks at 1084 and 881 cm À1 correspond to the C-N stretching vibration in the amine group and C-O stretching vibration in secondary alcohols [40].…”

Photocaged pendent thiol polymer brush surfaces for postpolymerization modifications via thiol‐click chemistry

“…PPM of surfaces is a process based on the polymerization of monomers with functional groups that are inert under the polymerization and/or film formation conditions, but can subsequently be quantitatively converted into a broad range of other functional groups. Thus, PPM enables the versatile and modular transformation of physiochemical properties of surfaces, and has been demonstrated using modification chemistries ranging from activated esters2,3 and ring opening4–7 to more efficient and robust chemistries based on the “click” family of reactions 8,9. Click reactions—with the copper assisted azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction being the prominent example10—exhibit salient features such as high yields, fast reaction kinetics, orthogonal reactivity, and are tolerant to a broad range of reaction conditions.…”