Immobilization of Biomolecules on Mesoporous Structured Materials

Abstract

Various functional systems have been developed using artificially constructed structures and synthesized compounds, and the nanotechnology based on them has recently received much attention. However, current nanoscale technologies are still highly inferior to those seen in natural systems. The efficiency of the energy conversion that occurs in mitochondrial and photosynthetic systems far exceeds that obtained in artificial systems. A dog can smell and a bat can hear far more sensitively than most artificial sensors. The information processing exhibited by the brain and nervous systems is much more sophisticated than that exhibited by current computers. Nature developed superior nanotechnologies to our own several billion years ago. Therefore, the use of biomaterials for the development of various functional systems can be a very practical approach to reaching several goals in current nanotechnologies.Unfortunately, biomolecules in most cases give their best performance under ambient conditions and are not mechanically and thermally strong enough to be used in harsh conditions. In order to overcome such difficulties, hybridization of biomolecules with supporting materials such as lipid assemblies, polymers and inorganic materials has been proposed to attain both biological functions and mechanical stability . Biomolecules are frequently immobilized on silica supports through a sol-gel process. As advanced silica structures, mesoporous silica molecular sieves and related materials have received much attention as inorganic supports for biomolecules [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. Mesoporous silica materials are chemically and mechanically stable and resistant to microbial attack. In addition, chemical modification to introduce organic functional groups to the inner silica pore wall is highly possible. Outstanding properties of the mesoporous structure also lie in their high specific surface area and huge specific pore volume, which are definitely advantageous for the efficient accommodation of biomolecules. In addition, the narrow pore size distribution could provide reliable immobilization of biomolecules. According to the j113 Bio-inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials. Edited

Adsorption of L-Histidine onto Functionalized Mesoporous SBA-15 Organosilicas

“…Thus, the functionalization of silicabased adsorbents is necessary to achieve considerable adsorption uptake. It is frequently reported that the adsorption uptake of LH (as well as other amino acids) onto silica-based adsorbents is much lower than that on carbon mesoporous adsorbents (Goscianska et al 2014;Vinu et al 2005Vinu et al , 2006. In this work, we have clearly demonstrated that the proper functionalization of the surface layer of mesoporous silica can significantly enhance their adsorption efficiency.…”

“…Thus, the electrostatic interactions between the aforementioned groups and the silica surface are the main driving force for the adsorption (Shin et al 2012). This mechanism is dominant in the case of silica-based adsorbents, in contrast to the carbon-based adsorbents, where the hydrophobic interactions govern the adsorption process (Vinu et al 2006).…”

“…In the case of non-functionalized silicas, the hydroxyl groups present on the surface may prefer to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules (forming the hydration sphere on the surface) rather than with LH molecules, what suppresses the interaction between LH and silica and results in low adsorption capacity (Vinu et al 2006). Thus, the functionalization of silicabased adsorbents is necessary to achieve considerable adsorption uptake.…”

“…Adsorption of amino acids on mesoporous materials (mainly carbons) had been also tested (Goscianska et al 2014;O'Connor et al 2006;Vinu et al 2005Vinu et al , 2006 because an understanding of their adsorption behaviour is important in many fields, including biotechnology, detection, material extraction, drug delivery and pollutant removal (Mudunkotuwa and Grassian 2014;Shin et al 2012;Vinu et al 2008). In particular, in the field of biotechnology, their adsorption could be very useful as layers of amino acid could be used in reactor beds for catalysis as well as in medical diagnostics (Goscianska et al 2013).…”

Hybrid and biohybrid silicate based materials: molecular vs. block-assembling bottom–up processes

“…The compatibility of the pore diameter with the size of some proteins and enzymes controls their inclusion in the pores. 259,260 Thus, small size enzymes may penetrate into the nanometre size pores, while large enzymes are most likely immobilized in the large interparticle voids. 261 Adsorption of proteins inside the pores may be influenced by pH and ionic strength 262,263 or by the presence of heteroatoms in the silica framework.…”